SUDS: Innovation or a Tried and SUDS: Innovation or a Tried and Tested Practice? Tested Practice? � Anthony Kirby Anthony Kirby � � Entered in ICE Papers Entered in ICE Papers � Competition 2003 Competition 2003 � Winner of James Forrest Winner of James Forrest � Medal in Nov 2004 Medal in Nov 2004 1
Scope of Presentation Scope of Presentation � SUDS principles SUDS principles � � SUDS overview SUDS overview � � SUDS: The Issues SUDS: The Issues � � Recent Progress Recent Progress � � SUDS in Scotland SUDS in Scotland � � Comparisons to ancient Comparisons to ancient � water harvesting water harvesting � Summary: Are SUDS Summary: Are SUDS � really innovative really innovative solutions? solutions? 2
SUDS: An Overview SUDS: An Overview Principles Principles � SU SU stainable stainable D D rainage rainage � S ystems ystems S � Mimic natural drainage Mimic natural drainage � processes processes � Protect or enhance Protect or enhance � water quality water quality � Sympathetic to the Sympathetic to the � environmental setting environmental setting � Equal consideration to: Equal consideration to: � Quantity Quantity � � Quality Quality � � Amenity Amenity � � 3
SUDS: An Overview SUDS: An Overview Effect of Urbanisation on Storm Hydrograph Effect of Urbanisation on Storm Hydrograph Peak Flow Increases Time to Peak Decreases Flow Volume Increases Base Flow Decreases Time 4
SUDS: An Overview SUDS: An Overview Surface Water Management Train Surface Water Management Train 5
SUDS: An Overview SUDS: An Overview Devices Devices � Swales Swales � � Conveyance Conveyance � � Basins and ponds Basins and ponds � � Attenuation basins Attenuation basins � � Retention Ponds Retention Ponds � � Infiltration devices Infiltration devices � � Soakaways Soakaways � � Infiltration Basins Infiltration Basins � � Permeable surfaces Permeable surfaces � � Grass Grass � � Permeable paving Permeable paving � 6
SUDS: The Issues SUDS: The Issues Design Criteria and Guidance Design Criteria and Guidance � Selection and suitability Selection and suitability � � Source control techniques generally preferred Source control techniques generally preferred � � Solution should be inspired by the natural drainage Solution should be inspired by the natural drainage � pattern of catchment pattern of catchment � Water companies actively encouraging SUDS where Water companies actively encouraging SUDS where � appropriate, but responsibility does not stop with appropriate, but responsibility does not stop with them them � Mind set still focused on conventional pipe systems in Mind set still focused on conventional pipe systems in � England and Wales England and Wales 7
SUDS: The Issues SUDS: The Issues Adoption Adoption � Main stumbling block to implementation of SuDS in Main stumbling block to implementation of SuDS in � England and Wales England and Wales � Legislative framework phrased around conventional Legislative framework phrased around conventional � systems systems � Not easily interpreted to include SuDS type solutions Not easily interpreted to include SuDS type solutions � � No No “ “SuDS For Adoption SuDS For Adoption” ” document document………… …………yet! yet! � � SUDS Matrix in Wales SUDS Matrix in Wales � � Operation and maintenance risks Operation and maintenance risks � � Responsibility Responsibility � � Water Companies? Water Companies? � � Local Authorities? Local Authorities? � � Environment Agency? Environment Agency? � 8 � Developers/Owners? Developers/Owners? �
Recent Progress Recent Progress Guidance Guidance � SUDS Interim Code of Practice supersedes SUDS Interim Code of Practice supersedes � ‘Framework for SUDS Framework for SUDS’ ’ – – National SUDS Working National SUDS Working ‘ Group Group � CIRIA 609 CIRIA 609 – – advice on the design and construction of advice on the design and construction of � SUDS SUDS � CIRIA 522 CIRIA 522 – – Design Manual for England and Wales Design Manual for England and Wales � � CIRIA 523 CIRIA 523 – – SUDS Best Practice Manual SUDS Best Practice Manual � � CIRIA 625 CIRIA 625 – – Model Agreements for SUDS Model Agreements for SUDS � � SUDS Working Party for Wales SUDS Working Party for Wales – – SUDS Matrix SUDS Matrix � 9
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Project Red Dragon Hangars and Support Building Attenuation Basin Oil Separator Site SW Outfall Overflow to Basin Receiving Watercourse 11
Project Red Dragon Project Red Dragon Basin Operation Principles Basin Operation Principles � Provides a Site Control Provides a Site Control � � Basin is dry under normal flow conditions Basin is dry under normal flow conditions � � During higher flow rates, orifice plate in During higher flow rates, orifice plate in � manhole only allows GFR to pass to outfall manhole only allows GFR to pass to outfall � All excess flow passes to basin for attenuation All excess flow passes to basin for attenuation � � As flow rates reduce, attenuated storm water As flow rates reduce, attenuated storm water � gravitates to outfall in controlled manner gravitates to outfall in controlled manner � Reduces the risk of flooding in receiving Reduces the risk of flooding in receiving � watercourse. watercourse. 12
SUDS In Scotland SUDS In Scotland Lessons to be Learnt? Lessons to be Learnt? � Approximately 1000 SuDS Approximately 1000 SuDS � implemented since 1993 implemented since 1993 � Effect of urbanisation on Effect of urbanisation on � pollution of Scottish rivers pollution of Scottish rivers recognised recognised � Potential of SuDS identified Potential of SuDS identified � � Research and monitoring Research and monitoring � programmes well advanced programmes well advanced � Proper Proper “ “partnership partnership” ” between between � SEPA and Water Authorities SEPA and Water Authorities � SUDS SUDS “ “will will” ” be adopted be adopted � � Scottish Parliament have Scottish Parliament have � powers to pass laws powers to pass laws 13
SUDS In Scotland SUDS In Scotland Problems Overcome Problems Overcome � Experienced similar difficulties ten years ago as Experienced similar difficulties ten years ago as � England and Wales are today England and Wales are today � Little information on performance, maintenance and Little information on performance, maintenance and � whole life costs of schemes whole life costs of schemes � Confusion led to formation of SUDS Scottish Working Confusion led to formation of SUDS Scottish Working � Party in 1997 Party in 1997 � Framework agreement and design manual developed Framework agreement and design manual developed � � SUDS now an integral part of planning policy in many SUDS now an integral part of planning policy in many � areas – – MIND SET MIND SET areas 14
Learning From Scotland Learning From Scotland The Welsh Perspective The Welsh Perspective SUDS Working Party for Wales SUDS Working Party for Wales � Limited number of Stakeholders: Limited number of Stakeholders: � � One Road Authority One Road Authority – – The Welsh Office The Welsh Office � � One Water Company One Water Company – – DCWW DCWW � � One Assembly One Assembly � � One EA Region One EA Region � � In England, things are more complex as there are many In England, things are more complex as there are many � interested parties. interested parties. 15
SUDS……………… ……………….. .. SUDS Are we simply reinventing the wheel? Are we simply reinventing the wheel? 16
Water Harvesting in Negev Desert Water Harvesting in Negev Desert An Early Form of SUDS? An Early Form of SUDS? Techniques of water harvesting around 4000 years old Techniques of water harvesting around 4000 years old � � Collection, storage and conservation of runoff to sustain life Collection, storage and conservation of runoff to sustain life � � First imperative of desert settlement First imperative of desert settlement � � Small catchment areas and low water volume Small catchment areas and low water volume � � Permanent rivers almost absent Permanent rivers almost absent � � Annual rainfall varies between 25mm and 200mm Annual rainfall varies between 25mm and 200mm � � Collection of water from sloping ground Collection of water from sloping ground � � Conveyance Conveyance � � Rainwater collected by use of cisterns Rainwater collected by use of cisterns � � Artificially constructed reservoirs Artificially constructed reservoirs � � Early cisterns crude and inefficient but developed Early cisterns crude and inefficient but developed � � 17
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