Stimulus Control PaTTANs Mission and its Role in The mission of - PDF document

8/3/17 Stimulus Control PaTTAN’s Mission and its Role in The mission of the Pennsylvania Training and Technical Assistance Errorless Network (PaTTAN) is to support the efforts and initiatives of the Bureau of Learning Special Education, and to build the capacity of local educational agencies to serve students who receive special education services. David Roth National Autism Conference 2017 Men act upon the world, PDE’s Commitment to Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) and change it, and are Our goal for each child is to ensure changed in turn by the Individualized Education Program (IEP) consequences of their teams begin with the general education setting with the use of actions. Supplementary Aids and Services before considering a B.F. Skinner more restrictive environment. Unconditioned and Reinforcement Conditioned Reinforcement • A consequence of an individual’s behavior/response Unconditioned reinforcement : effective without prior learning (e.g. food is an example of an • Increases the probability of that response (class) occurring again in the future unconditioned reinforcer) Conditioned reinforcement : effective only after a • Can be positive (i.e. a consequence added to environment) or negative (i.e. history of being paired with UC (e.g. the sound of a consequence removed ) a click after being paired with food delivery is an example of an conditioned reinforcer) 1

8/3/17 What Does Animal Research Have to Do with Human Behavior? The “Facts in the Bag” The Operant Antecedent Behavior Consequence Antecedent Behavior Consequence Specific Motivating Operation (MO) Response Reinforcement Something that Anything an Some event that happens Generalized individual immediately immediately Discriminative Stimulus (S D ) Response Conditioned follows the before a does that is Reinforcement response and response that observable Stimulus Delta (S ∆ ) Response (Extinction) alters the future changes the and probability of likelihood of the measurable Neutral Stimulus (S + , S 0 , or S - ) n/a n/a that type of response response occurring Discriminative Stimulus for Response Punishment Punishment (S Dp ) Note: the operant and the first instance Non-Verbal Behavior Verbal Behavior Behavior in which the reinforcement is not Behavior in which mediated by other individuals the reinforcement is mediated by other individuals (i.e. listeners) who had been trained to do so See Palmer (2008) for more in-depth discussion on Skinner’s definition 2

8/3/17 The Beauty of The Verbal Operants Skinner’s Definition Antecedent Behavior Consequence • Functional vs. Formal Motivating Operation MAND Specific Reinforcement Mediated by a Listener • Includes all forms of “communication” o Talking Non-Verbal Generalized Discriminative Stimulus TACT Conditioned o Signing Reinforcement o Writing Mediated by a Listener o Gesturing ECHOIC o Morse Code Verbal Discriminative Generalized Stimulus SIGNED IMITATION Conditioned o Smoke Signals Reinforcement INTRAVERBAL Mediated by a Listener Motivational Control Motivational Control Antecedent Behavior Consequence Motivating Specific Antecedent Behavior Consequence Operation (MO) : Response Reinforcement: An environmental The reinforcing event that alters the Motivating Response Specific item/event value of something Operation Reinforcement else as a reinforcer whose value (MO) and alters the has been probability of any specifically behavior that, in altered by the the past, has produced that MO reinforcement Meet Ebby Motivational Control for Turning Food Deprivation “Click” Artwork by: Simon Carlucci (Age 16) 3

8/3/17 Motivational Control for Definitions Revisited Pecking Antecedent Behavior Consequence Motivating Specific Turning Operation (MO) : Reinforcement: Yerba Mate Food deprivation Bacon, whose Around Deprivation establishes the value value has been of bacon as a specifically reinforcer and increased by food evokes/strengthens deprivation “Click” the behavior of turning around , since that behavior has been specifically reinforced with bacon Definitions Revisited Motivational Control and Verbal Behavior Antecedent Behavior Consequence Motivating Specific Operation (MO) : Pecking Reinforcement: Yerba mate Yerba mate, Antecedent Behavior Consequence deprivation whose value has establishes the value been specifically Motivating Specific of yerba mate as a increased by the Operation MAND Reinforcement reinforcer and yerba mate Mediated by a increases the Listener deprivation probability of pecking behavior, since it has been specifically reinforced with yerba mate The Mand Stimulus • SPECIFIES to a listener the reinforcement that is currently valuable to the speaker • Types of consequences that are specified by Control manders: o Items present o Actions o Assistance o Removal of unpleasant stimuli o Missing items o The attention of another o Items with specific properties o Items in specific locations o Information 4

8/3/17 What is a stimulus? What is An item or event in one’s environment Stimulus Control ? that directly affects his or her senses. Antecedent Behavior Consequence Thought Experiment Discriminative Stimulus Response Generalized Conditioned (S D ) “What’s the kanux, man!” Reinforcement Stimulus Delta (S ∆ ) Response Extinction Neutral Stimulus n/a n/a (S + , S 0 , or S - ) Discriminative Stimulus Response Punishment for Punishment (S Dp ) Antecedent Behavior Consequence “The Will Smith Effect” Discriminative Stimulus (S D ) “What’s the Generalized kanux, man!” Conditioned Reinforcement Stimulus Delta (S ∆ ) “What’s the Extinction Antecedent Behavior Consequence kanux, man!” Discriminative Stimulus (S D ) “What’s the Generalized kanux, man!” Conditioned Neutral Stimulus (S + , S 0 , or S - ) n/a n/a Reinforcement Discriminative Stimulus for “What’s the Punishment Punishment (S Dp ) kanux, man!” 5

8/3/17 Discriminative Stimulus Discriminative Control Stimulus (S D ) Control Antecedent Behavior Consequence Discriminative Generalized Stimulus (S D ) : Conditioned Response Antecedent Behavior Consequence An antecedent stimulus Reinforcement: that has been A consequence that historically correlated increases the future Discriminative Generalized to the availability of probability of the Stimulus (S D ) Response Conditioned reinforcement and behavior it follows as a Reinforcement evokes (or at least result of its previous strengthens) any pairings with many behavior that in the other forms of past has led to the reinforcement and its reinforcing effectiveness is consequences relatively independent of current states of MO Discriminative Stimulus (S D ) Definitions Revisited Control for Turning Antecedent Behavior Consequence Discriminative Generalized Turning Conditioned Stimulus (S D ) : Reinforcement: The red disk has been Around The sound of the click historically increases the future correlated to the probability of turning availability of around in the presence generalized of the red disk as a conditioned result of its previous reinforcement and pairings with bacon, “Click” evokes or strengthens girlfriends, yerba mate the behavior of tea, etc. and is still turning around effective regardless of Etc. the current MO. Conditioned Generalized Conditioned Reinforcement Reinforcement • When a conditioned reinforcer (e.g. “click”) is paired with only one type of unconditioned reinforcer (e.g. food pellet), its effectiveness depends on motivation for the unconditioned reinforcer • If that conditioned reinforcer is paired with many types of other reinforcers, then its reinforcing effectiveness is relatively independent of certain types of motivations 6

8/3/17 Generalized Conditioned In other words… Reinforcement and Stimulus Control When the sound of the click was only paired with bacon, it’s The more reinforcers that are paired reinforcing value depended on Ebby’s motivation for with a conditioned reinforcer, the bacon, but when the click is paired with many different stronger the antecedent stimulus kinds of reinforcers (e.g. bacon, Yerba Mate, girlfriends, praise, money, etc.), it becomes a generalized conditioned control will be in evoking the behavior. reinforcer and its effectiveness does not depend on any For example, look at, but don’t read, momentary motivation for a particular reinforcer. the following slide… Generalized Conditioned Weren’t you Reinforcement asked not to read this? Stimulus Delta (S ∆ ) “The Cillian Murphy Effect” Control Antecedent Behavior Consequence Antecedent Behavior Consequence Stimulus Delta (S ∆ ) “What’s the Extinction kanux, man!” Stimulus Delta Response Extinction (S ∆ ) Eventual result is a weakening of that response in the presence of the S ∆ 7