STED: Findings on the Agro-Processing Sector Tripartite Workshop on Skills for Trade and Economic Diversification in Bangladesh Dhaka, December 8, 2011 Erik von Uexkull ILO Trade and Employment Programme
Outline – the STED approach Skills for Trade and Economic Diversification STAGE 1: STAGE 2: STAGE 4: STAGE 3: STAGE 5: STAGE 6: Sector Business How many What Type of Skills Supply Proposed Position and Capability Workers by Skills? Gap Responses Outlook Implications Skill Type?
STAGE 1: Sector STAGE 2: STAGE 4: Position and STAGE 3: STAGE 5: STAGE 6: Business How many What Type Skills Supply Proposed Outlook Capability Workers by of Skills? Gap Responses Implications Skill Type?
Project Builds on 2010 TVET Study • Focus on exporting agro processing sectors • Covers all skill levels • What comes next after initiatives following TVET 2010 study are implemented? � Competence-based training for three priority occupations – Baker, Food Technician, Packaging Technician � Industry Skills Council � Centre of Excellence � Management development � Operations efficiency / Kaizen
GDP Contribution Data Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2005/6
Food Products Exported Data Source: COMTRADE, EPB
Shrimps:_World Demand Frozen: +9% Prepared: +51% Data Source: COMTRADE
Shrimps: Global Competitors Data Source: COMTRADE
Price Competition Average import price reported by the EU for 100 kg of fozen Penaeus (left) and other (right) shrimps by exporter (in EUR)
Non-Shrimp Food Products Exported Data Source: COMTRADE, EPB
Food Exports by Destination
Firm level characteristics ... 600 500 400 400 300 200 100 Domestic Exporter 0 # of companies in avg. Number of avg. Sales (mln. avg. Wage ('000 sample permanent staff Taka) Taka) Data source: World Bank Enterprise Survey Bangladesh 2007
... Innovation ... Data source: World Bank Enterprise Survey Bangladesh 2007
... and Skills Needs Data source: World Bank Enterprise Survey Bangladesh 2007
Growth Scenario • Business as Usual � Shrimp: Back on track? More competition / lower prices? � Other food: High growth, but limits to existing markets? • More of the Same � Shrimp / other food: How much more can you do of what you’re already doing? • Upgrade � Shrimp: Higher quality / branding? New products / processing? � Other food: New markets? Product adjustment / upgrading?
STAGE 2: Business STAGE 1: STAGE 4: STAGE 3: STAGE 5: STAGE 6: Sector How many Capability What Type Skills Supply Proposed Position and Workers by of Skills? Gap Responses Outlook Skill Type? Implications
Business Capability Implications Product Development Other Operational Effectiveness and Food Safety capabilities? Regulatory Compliance Logistics / Supply Chain / Cold Chain Management Priorities? Priorities? Export marketing: Product management Export Marketing: Channel Management Supplier Capability Government: Effective Regulation
STAGE 3: STAGE 4: How STAGE 5: STAGE 6: STAGE 1: STAGE 2: Sector Business What Type many Workers Skills Supply Proposed Position and Capability of Skills? by Skill Type? Gap Responses Outlook Implications
Business Capabilities Types of Skills / Workers Skills Supply Gap Possible Responses by Skill Type Critical Gaps? Priorities? Product Development Graduates with skills relevant to Bachelor degree courses in food product development food science, food engineering, food business: Universities / industry association / ISC / firms Educating existing managers, Executive education courses in marketers etc. in food product food product development: development WHO WOULD OFFER THOSE?
Business Capabilities Types of Skills / Workers Skills Supply Gap Possible Responses by Skill Type Critical Gaps? Priorities? Operational effectiveness Extend skills on • Food safety training and and food safety All levels of manufacturing certification for all in operations: operations (industry materials / • Operatives & technicians training provision) • Production managers • Production managers • Training associated with • Training associated with • Food scientists Kaizen and similar initiatives • Engineers • Training in food testing laboratory skills (industry materials / training provision) • Degree courses in industrial engineering • Degree courses in food process engineering • Executive education in industrial and food process engineering Availability of qualified trainers WHAT DO WE DO ABOUT THIS?
Business Capabilities Types of Skills / Workers Skills Supply Gap Possible Responses by Skill Type Critical Gaps? Priorities? Regulatory Compliance Awareness of importance of Industry association drive on strict compliance across all compliance (training materials / levels of manufacturing provision?) operations Skilled Quality Assurance Training for new and existing Managers quality assurance managers (Industry Association / ISC / Food Safety Authorities)
Business Capabilities Types of Skills / Workers by Skill Skills Supply Gap Possible Responses Type Critical Gaps? Priorities? Logistics / Supply Chain / Logistics and supply chain • Supply chain and logistics Cold Chain Management specialists centre of expertise, possibly based at a university • Degree / masters courses in supply chain and logistics • Need for economics of cold chain to be studied • Cold chain skills strategy depends on what will work economically
Business Capabilities Types of Skills / Workers Skills Supply Gap Possible Responses by Skill Type Critical Gaps? Priorities? Export marketing: Product • Marketing managers and staff • Executive education for management • Sales staff managers (collaboration with • High level international Int. Business School?) business development staff • Attract diaspora • Consider hiring internationally • to get people with existing expertise in international sales Export Marketing: Channel and marketing of generics for Management key positions • Possible placement of BD staff downstream in distribution channels to gain experience • Languages • ‘Call centre skills’ • Alliance-based marketing networks?
Business Capabilities Types of Skills / Workers Skills Supply Gap Possible Responses by Skill Type Critical Gaps? Priorities? • Supplier Capability Skills of farmers (and other Short training courses producers) • Agricultural advisors • Training skills for intermediaries? • • Just-in-time information Just-in-time information by mobile/cell?
Business Capabilities Types of Skills / Workers Skills Supply Gap Possible Responses by Skill Type Critical Gaps? Priorities? Government: Effective primarily a matter of upgrading • Placements with other Regulation regulation, but complementary regulators skills and cultural change skills and cultural change • Training for inspectors and • Training for inspectors and required too others involved in regulation • Design of incentive system
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