Agadir, Morocco March 20 th – 24 th , 2017 State of the art of ecological restoration in the Mediterranean (challenges and opportunities) JORDI CORTINA UNIVERSITY ALICANTE SOCIETY ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION EUROPE
STATE OF THE ART OF ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 1. DEVELOP AND USE KNOWLEDGE 2. ENGAGE SOCIETY 3. INTEGRATE ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION INTO LAND PLANNING 2
Sierra Espuña Regional Park, Murcia, SE Spain M. Balsalobre
LONG HISTORY OF ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION Algeria Green Belt (1970-2000) – 122.680 ha (Bensaid, 2003) FOREST PLANTATIONS SPAIN 1940-2005 Forest and pastoral plantations PNDAR Algeria (2000-2007) – 4.6 MHa 1.7 MHa 390.900 ha (Terramed, 2009) Tunisia PN Reboisement (1990-2000) + PN Investissement dans le Secteur Forestier (2000-2011) – 885.000 ha (Larbi Chakroune, 2003) Morocco 20th century – 508.000 ha (Sabir, 2003) Total afforested/reforested Magreb – 2,000.000 ha (Le Houérou, 2000) MAGRAMA (2005) YEAR 4
RESTORING THE RESTORED AREAS Orihuela (Alicante), SE Spain Palaciosmil (León), NE Spain www.leonoticias.com High fuel accumulation Vulnerability to drought 5
WHAT WENT WRONG? • LIMITED ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE • DEFICIENT INVESTMENT IN POST-PLANTATION MANAGEMENT • UNEXPECTED CHANGES (CLIMATE CHANGE, EUTROPHICATION) HOW TO AVOID PAST MISTAKES • ALLOCATE FUNDS FOR EVALUATION AND MONITORING • DIFFUSE AND USE THIS INFORMATION- ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT • IMPLEMENT PROJECTS AT ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL TIME SCALES 6
STATE OF THE ART OF ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 1. DEVELOP AND USE KNOWLEDGE 2. ENGAGE SOCIETY 3. INTEGRATE ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION INTO LAND PLANNING 7
Spanish strategy Green Infrastructure, Connectivity and Ecological Restoration 8
Spanish strategy Green Infrastructure, Connectivity and Ecological Restoration FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Include ER in National Program for Rural Development ( European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development ) Use European Regional Development Funds (2014-2020) for ER. Use resources allocated to adaptation to climate change ( Plan PIMA Adapta and later), and other lines of funding at the State level. Conditioned funding for projects from the Automous Regions fitting this strategy and following good practices. 9
BÉNI BOUFRAH VALLEY, RIF, N MOROCCO 186 km 2 Superficie: Longueur: 21 km 0 – 1750 m Altitude: Relief: Accidenté Climat: Semi-aride Méditerranéen P ° : 298 mm T ° : 17,6 ° C DERAK, M. (2017). Analyse multicritère des services écosystémiques et restauration participative des forêts. Cas du Bassin de Béni Boufrah, Nord du Maroc. U. Tetouan 10
Aleppo pine plantations, B Boufrah, Morocco 11
Society acceptance? 12
Landscape units, B Boufrah, Morocco Shrublands Crops Arar Cactus Pine plantations M. Derak, 2017 13
Integrated participative evaluation of ESS Direct users Scientists and Managers 0,35 0,35 0,3 0,3 Tetraclinis Crops 0,25 0,25 Crops Direct ranking score Cactus 0,2 0,2 Direct ranking score Shrublands Tetraclinis Cactus 0,15 0,15 Shrublands Afforestation Afforestation 0,1 0,1 0,05 0,05 0 0 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3 0,35 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3 0,35 MCA score MCA score 14
Integrated participative evaluation of ESS χ 2 =181.16; N=67; p <0.0001 0,250 a b b c 0,200 d Overall score 0,150 0,100 0,050 0,000 Tetraclinis Cactus Crops Afforestation Shrublands 15
Participative restoration, Torres, B. Boufrah valley 16
Participative restoration, Torres, B. Boufrah valley 17
Participative restoration, Torres, B. Boufrah valley 18
Participative restoration, Torres, B. Boufrah valley 19
Participative restoration, Torres, B. Boufrah valley 20
Fondó NP, Elx, SE Spain, Agricultural Reservoir 21
Sand dunes in Catalonia, NE Spain J. Lascurain SGM S.L. 22
Sand dunes in Catalonia, NE Spain 23
TOURIST & BUILDING INDUSTRIES 24
STATE OF THE ART OF ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 1. DEVELOP AND USE KNOWLEDGE 2. ENGAGE SOCIETY 3. INTEGRATE ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION INTO LAND PLANNING 25
ACTIVE-PASSIVE? COST-BENEFIT? PINE PLANTATIONS? WETLANDS? METRICS? CROPLANDS? NATURE-SOCIETY ? 26
TERECOVA – Tools for integrating ecological restoration into land planning in the Region of Valencia, Spain Map priority areas for restoration • Province of Alicante, SE Spain • High risk of desertification and flooding • Dry sub-humid to semiarid • 225,000 Ha 27
INTEGRATING PEOPLE VALUES AND ASPIRATIONS IDENTIFICATION-WEIGHT CRITERIA STAKEHOLDER PLATFORM GIS CRITERIA SOCIO-ECO Ownership IDENTIFICATION- SCENARIOS WEIGHT ESS Protection status Flood risk GIS ESS VALUATION, Connectivity... TRANSFER, DIFFUSION PRIORITY MAP RESTORATION PRIORITY AREAS WHERE SCENARIOS 32 COST-BENEFIT MINIMIZES
PRIORITIZATION NATURAL AREAS • Wetlands • Coastal areas CRITERIA • Shrublands and steppes • Forest in dry sub-humid areas • Forest in semi-arid areas • North facing slopes • Dead pine plantations LANDSCAPE FEATURES HIGHLY ANTHROPIC AREAS • Rainfed crops • Corridors • Irrigated crops • Periurban areas • Quarries • Protected areas • Dumping sites and debris • Vicinity of protected areas • Rivers • Areas with rare, endemic, threatenen flora, fauna FUNCTIONS AND RISKS • Traffic infrastructures • Erosion and desertification SOCIO-ECONOMIC • Carbon fixation • Unemployed and vulnerable communities • Water retention and storage • Vicinity of residencial áreas • Salinization • Touristic areas • Water pollution • Areas with touristic potential • Wildfires • Public areas • Flooding • Recreation areas • Invasive species 33
ECOSYSTEM SERVICES PROVISION SOCIAL-CULTURAL OTHER • Sand dune fixation • • Hunting Landscape aesthetics • Carbon fixation • Fishing • Leisure activities • Flood control • Fish farms • Cultural heritage, identity • Erosion control • Minerals, salt • Residential tourism • Increased soil fertility • Aromatic medicinal plants • Conventional tourism • Improved water quality • Fruits • Ecotourism • Pest control • Agri production • Sports • Fuel breaks • Snails • • Climate regulation Employment • Honey • Fauna • Environmental education • Grazing • Corridors • • Aquifer recharge Research • Biomass accumulation • Surface water collection • Birdwatching 34
EXPLORATORY MODEL High to Very High Priority: 13.687 Ha Economic cost of restoring Increase integrated provision of ESS PRIORITY AREAS WITH LOWER COST:BENEFIT
STATE OF THE ART OF ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN (challenges and opportunities) 1. DEVELOP AND USE KNOWLEDGE 2. ENGAGE SOCIETY 3. INTEGRATE ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION INTO LAND PLANNING SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION Environmental management which aims at protecting biodiversity, increase the provision of ecosystem services and contribute to human welfare. 36
info@ser-europe.org www.ser-europe.org @SER_Europe 37
W ELCOME TO I CELAND 2018 9 TH -13 TH S EPTEMBER ( SERE 2018. ORG ) Soil Conservation Service of Iceland Agricultural University of Iceland UNU – Land Restoration Training Programme 38
THANK YOU!! TERECOVA – Tools for integrating ecological restoration into land planning in the Region of Valencia (CGL2014-52714-C2-1-R)
deandar.com Batlle i Roig, +2001 Barcelona Dumping site Vall de Joan, Garraf, Spain
Racó de Tudela Culip, Club Méditerranée, Girona, Spain- Estudi Martí Franch, +2005
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