STATE OF FOOD INSECURITY IN SIDS and VISION FOR THE FUTURE Food and - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

STATE OF FOOD INSECURITY IN SIDS and VISION FOR THE FUTURE

Food and Nutrition Security in SIDS

Overview of SIDS Agricul., GNI per GDP per Agricul., Number Land Area GDP GDP value capita, Atlas Population capita value REGIONS of (SQ. KM (current US$ growth added method (mn) (current added countries 000) mn) (annual %) (annual % (current US$) US$) (% of GDP) growth) CARIBBEAN 16 587.2 $8,806.9 39 $212,403 $9,349 2.3 7.3 1.38 Caribbean and Pacific islands account for 30 of the 38 countries we classify as SIDS. The Caribbean accounts for 71.2 % of the PACIFIC 14 516.73 $5,615 9,5 $6,840 $4,006 1.4 14.65 1.4 SIDS population and on the basis of GNI per capita is considered a more prosperous sub- INDIAN region. 4 4.7 $7,077.5 2,4 $16,163.6 $8,672 4.2 10.9 2.5 OCEAN ATLANTIC 3 33.1 $1,873.3 2.5 $3,709.7 $2,002 3.1 25 -1.2 OTHER 1 0.8 $36,140.0 1,3 $32,8 $24,868 4.5 n/a n/a (Bahrain) Source: World Bank, 2013/2014

Prevalence of undernourishment (%) in SIDS 60 53.4 50 (%) Many SIDS are yet to achieve the MDG goal 40 CARIBBEAN of eradicating hunger when based on achieving a level of undernourishment less 30 than 5%. ATLANTIC 20.7 18.7 20 PACIFIC INDIAN OCEAN 10.2 10.6 12.2 12.3 13.9 11.3 9.4 8 4.9 4.9 5 5.6 6.2 6.2 7.4 8 10 6.6 4.9 4.9 4.9 6.4 5.2 4.9 0 Source: SOFI 2011/2013, 2014/2016

Prevalence of undernourishment (%) in SIDS Average prevalence of undernourishment (%) 12.23 11.73 8.95 6.48 5.05 SIDS Indian SIDS Pacific Caribbean (exl Caribbean SIDS Atlantic Ocean Ocean Haiti) (with Haiti) Ocean Source: SOFI 2011/2013, 2014/2016

Population below poverty line (%) 69.3 70 ATLANTIC 66.2 58.7 60 CARIBBEAN INDIAN OCEAN Population below poverty line (%) 50 44.8 PACIFIC 40.9 41.0 38.0 40 35.2 35.0 High levels of poverty exist in most SIDS, 31.0 30.2 decreasing employment opportunites due 29.0 28.8 26.9 27.9 28 28.4 30 26.6 24.9 25.1 26.3 to challenges in the global economy and 21.8 22.5 21.8 22.7 markets. 19.3 18.4 20 17.6 17.0 16.0 12.7 13.0 13.4 9.3 10 8.0 0 Source: World Bank, UNDP, CIA, Last Available Data

Obesity in SIDS, Male & Female >15 years old 90 80.5 Males PACIFIC 78.1 80 75.3 Females 73.4 70 64.7 60.9 Obesity prevalence (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) 59.4 60 57.2 52.7 52.6 CARIBBEAN INDIAN OCEAN 48.3 50 OTHER 46.1 43.2 For almost all SIDS, the second dimension 41.7 38.7 37.9 40 37.1 of the food security challenge is 31.5 31.4 29.5 malnutrition, poor food decisions leading to 30 26.2 25.8 25.3 25.0 23.6 22.3 a major challenge related to obesity. 21.6 21.1 ATLANTIC 21.0 19.6 19.4 18.5 20 17.1 15.1 9.6 10 6.1 5.7 3.7 00 Guyana Suriname Belize Haiti Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Grenada Antigua & Barbuda Saint Kitts and Nevis Bahamas Cuba Dominican Republic Saint Lucia Jamaica Dominica Trinidad & Tobago Barbados Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Marshall Islands Tuvalu Vanuatu Fiji Kiribati Palau Samoa Niue Cook Islands Micronesia (Federal States of) Tonga Nauru Comoros Mauritius Maldives Seychelles Guinea-Bissau Sao Tome and Principe Cape Verde Bahrain Source: WHO 2010

Per capita total expenditure on health (PPP int. $) 1995 2012 $12,805 Poor food choices and increasing $7,162 malnutrition leads to increased health system expenditure, pressure on the national budget and contributes to a $6,962 $2,808 $377 $971 shortage of foreign exchange for $4,702 development. $291 $841 $1,039 ATLANTIC OTHER INDIAN OCEAN PACIFIC CARIBBEAN Source: WHO

Food Import Dependence Ratio in SIDS in 1990-2011 0.7 CARIBBEAN 0.65 0.6 0.55 PACIFIC SIDS have increasingly imported a greater 0.5 proportion of their food consumption and the fastest category of imported foods is 0.45 processed foods. The move away from local healthier foods has health and economic 0.4 consequences. 0.35 0.3 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Food Dependence Ratio =Total Food Imports/Total Consumption Source: FAOSTAT

Food Dependence Ratio in CARICOM 0.79 Antigua & Barbuda 0.92 0.91 Bahamas 0.92 0.74 Barbados 0.87 0.30 Belize 0.40 0.22 Cuba 0.41 0.50 Dominica 0.55 0.24 Dominican Republic 0.41 1995 Every Caribbean SIDS has seen an 0.65 Grenada 0.81 2011 0.15 increasing dependence on imports and in Guyana 0.41 0.33 almost half of them more than 80% of the Haiti 0.44 0.39 Jamaica food consumed is imported. 0.63 0.74 Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.95 0.53 Saint Lucia 0.83 0.54 Saint Vincent & the Grenadines 0.68 0.31 Suriname 0.64 0.66 Trinidad & Tobago 0.85 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Food Dependence Ratio =Total Food Imports/Total Consumption Source: FAOSTAT

Food Dependence Ratio in PACIFIC 0.66 Cook Islands 0.92 0.27 Fiji 0.61 0.40 Kiribati 0.60 0.87 Nauru 0.74 Nine of the ten Pacific SIDS have seen an 0.11 Papua New Guinea increasing food dependence on imports 0.17 1995 0.30 Samoa 0.60 2011 0.20 Solomon Islands 0.44 0.42 Tonga 0.63 0.60 Tuvalu 0.77 0.16 Vanuatu 0.47 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Food Dependence Ratio =Total Food Imports/Total Consumption Source: FAOSTAT

Impact of Natural Disasters on Economy Total Economic Damage by Natural Disasters ($ US ‘000) INDIAN OCEAN PACIFIC CARIBBEAN $362,100 Natural disasters and climate change $267,028 1994-2003 impacts are an increasing challenge to food security, especially in terms of how they $6,891,835 negatively affect production capacity, livelihoods, economic growth and national budgets. $514,400 $598,026 2004-2013 $21,017,484 Source: EM-DAT, International Disaster Database

Impact of Natural Disasters on Economy Top 10 CARICOM Economies by Economic Damages in 1994-2013 from Natural Disasters ($ US Billion) $10 $9 $8 Earthquake The impact on Caribbean countries is much $7 Flood more than other SIDS and results mainly $6 Drought Billion from hurricanes/storms. Both the frequency $5 Storm and intensity increased in the latter period $4 of the two ten year periods compared. $3 $2 $1 $0 Source: EM-DAT, International Disaster Database

SAMOA Pathway Food Security Outcome

SAMOA Pathway Food Security Outcome The SAMOA Pathway recognizes that SIDS are exceptionally vulnerable to the fluctuating availability and excessive price volatility of food imports and stresses the crucial role of healthy marine ecosystems, and sustainable agriculture, fisheries and aquaculture for enhancing food security and livelihoods of people living in SIDS. The Pathway recognizes the danger caused by an unhealthy diet and the need to promote healthy food production and consumption. The Pathway commits to support the efforts of SIDS to:  promote the further use of sustainable practices relating to agriculture and aquaculture to improve food and nutrition security while ensuring the sustainable management of the required water resources;  promote open and fair international and domestic markets;  enhance international cooperation to maintain access to global food markets, particularly during periods of higher volatility in commodity markets;  increase rural income and jobs, with a focus on the empowerment of smallholders and small-scale food producers, especially women;  enhance the resilience of agriculture and fisheries to the adverse impacts of climate change, ocean acidification and natural disasters.

Addressing Paragraph 61 Vision for the Future

Addressing Paragraph 61 Article 61: We recognize the call, in the outcome of the interregional preparatory meeting for the third International Conference on Small Island Developing States, adopted in Bridgetown on 28 August 2013, 28 to facilitate a meeting on food and nutrition security in small island developing States in order to develop an action programme to address food and nutrition challenges facing those States, and we invite the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to facilitate this biennial forum.

1. Address through maintaining focus on 3 critical issues faced by SIDS Food and Nutrition Security now and in the future

First Major Issue and FAO’s Response in SIDS Issue 1: Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) • Regional and National Food and Nutrition Strategies • Zero Hunger Challenge Initiatives • School Feeding and Gardening Programs and Food Based Dietary Guidelines • Improved and Integrated FNS Governance • Increased targeting of most vulnerable countries

Second Major Issue and FAO’s Response in SIDS Issue 2: Poverty, Rural Development and High Food Import Bill • Commercialization of the agriculture sector through the promotion of selected value chains (small ruminants, cassava, aquaculture, etc.) • Support to family farms through improved market linkages and inclusive business models (public purchases, including for school feeding programs) • Enterprise Development and Youth Employment • Technology Promotion and Adoption - Scaling Up • Targeted Products and Food Import Replacement • Inclusion, Investment and Trade • Support to public policies (public purchases, reduction of food loss and waste)