Standards: U.S.II.1d U.S.II.1b U.S.II.1ib U.S.II.3a U.S.II.3b U.S.II.3c U.S. II 4c
After the Civil War, the South was devastated and bitter. Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to the freedom that the former slaves had achieved. The re-building of the Union (and the South in particular)
Reconcile: to bring into agreement or harmony. Reconcile: to come together, forgiving and forgetting the past... U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
Abraham Lincoln: Reconciliation/Forgiveness ◦ Preservation of the Union was more important than punishing the South ◦ Robert E. Lee supported this plan Urged Southerners to reconcile and reunite with Northerners as Americans, even though some still wanted to fight Later become president of Washington College ( Washington and Lee University).
Congress: Punishment Instead of only requiring 10% of the population to give an oath of loyalty to the Union, Congress required 50% of the population to do so in order to rejoin the Union Former Confederates could not hold public office Congress wanted full rights for freedmen
President Andrew Johnson From Tennessee (Confederate state) Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the Union.
President Johnson’s Plan Offered amnesty (forgiveness) to all Southerners who take a simple oath (promise of loyalty) EXCEPT Confederate civil and military officers State constitutions must deny slavery and secession 1. Certain leading Confederates could not vote. EFFECTS? 2. Pardoned planter aristocrats brought them back to political power to control state organizations. SAME OLD SAME OLD!!!
Change to the Constitution 1865 1870 1868 CREATED BY Congress to help with Reconstruction
13 th Amendment (banned slavery) Ratified (voted for) in January, 1865. “ Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction” Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
14 th Amendment Ratified in July, 1868. Provided equal protection under the law * “All persons born or naturalized in the * United States…are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.”
15 th Amendment Ratified in 1870. The right of citizens of the US to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Women’s rights groups were furious that they were not granted the vote!
1. Southern military leaders could not hold office 2. Southerners resented Northerners 3. African Americans could hold public office or political positions Robert E. ( By 1872 there were 7 African-Americans in Congress) Lee Jefferson Davis
4. African-Americans gained equal rights with the Civil Rights Act of 1866 …which authorized the use of federal troops for enforcement. 5. Northern federal soldiers supervised the South
The South Reacts to Reconstruction: Black Codes Purpose: to control daily life of freedmen Keep them on plantations for * labor Only jobs: farming * Same old treatment * Forced many freedmen to become • sharecroppers or tenant farmers in a form of economic slavery.
Cycle of The sharecropper rents a piece of land from the landowner. This rent sharecropping includes a shack, seeds and farming tools. The sharecropper promises to give the landowner a percentage of the crops. Another portion of the The sharecropper plants crop is sold to pay rent to and harvest the crops the landowner for the next season. Corn, wheat, fruits, pecans and peanuts Some of the remaining crops feed the The sharecropper gives sharecropper’s family. the landowner the amount Rarely, there are enough of crops agreed upon. crops to sell for profit.
S Policies: government guidelines C R E A New state constitutions M had to include 13 th , 14 th Amendments
Full citizenship to African Americans, federal gov’t would protect Overturned Black Codes Authorized use of federal troops to enforce the CRA 1866
Some needed more of a push to rejoin the Union Northern soldiers supervised the South U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
A Political Crisis: The “Compromise” of 1877 Reconstruction ended in 1877 as a result of a compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876. Democrats supported Rutherford B. Hayes’ election as President and Republicans ended the military occupation of the South (Johnson, Grant, Hayes)
1. Policies: government S guidelines C R E A M
POLITICAL TH AM FRE REE E 13 13 TH AMEND NDMENT MENT TH AMENDM CITIZEN IZENS 14 14 TH DMEN ENT TH AMENDM VOTE E 15 15 TH DMENT ENT
ECONOMIC Scalawag: a Southerner who helped the Northerners and the Republican Party after the war. Carpetbagger Carpetbagger petbaggers: : Men n from m the North th that t came ame to the South uth aft fter er th the Civil l War to to make mone ney y from the people of the South… Scalawag U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
SOCIAL 5.Sharecroppers Economic
Today: • about one hundred different chapters • there may be as many as 5,000 members • The Klan is strongest in the South and Social in the Midwest. • Monitored by FBI for hate crimes and civil rights violations. Social • Their members threatened, beat, and even killed African- Americans • Burned schools, churches in night raids • Disrupted elections: 100,000 more black voters than white Political
Social “ Jim Crow ” laws were passed to discriminate against African Americans. They legalized segregation.
In which geographical area were Jim Crow laws enforced? Social
The period (late 1800s to mid-1960s) when the Southern states required racial segregation in public schools, transportation and other public facilities. Social
Wh What wa was racial al segregatio gregation? ? Th The separatio tion n of African can Americans icans and white tes s in public c places ces Social
Social
Explain or describe this cartoon American Indians were not considered citizens until 1924.
Bu Buses: ses: Railroads: oads: Restau auran rants: ts: Schools: ols:
Buses: ses: “All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races.” Alabama Rail ilroa roads ds: “The conductor of each passenger train is authorized and required to assign each passenger to the car or the division of the car, when it is divided by a partition, designated for the race to which such passenger belongs.” Alabama Rest staur auran ants: ts: “It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment.” Alabama Educat ucation ion: “The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall be conducted separately.” Florida
The right to vote The right to serve on juries Made discrimination practices legal in many communities and states Were characterized by unequal opportunities in housing… U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
The conductor of each All passenger stations in this passenger train is state operated by any motor authorized and required to transportation company assign each passenger to shall have separate waiting the car or the division of rooms or space and the car, when it is divided separate ticket windows for by a partition, designated for the race to which such the white and colored races. passenger belongs .
After the War, he fought for constitutional amendments that guaranteed the voting rights of women and African Americans alike. As a former slave he believed it was important to have civil liberties (rights and freedoms) as an American citizen.
Frederick Douglass would continue his active involvement to better the lives of African Americans.
U.S. II 1d,b, i U.S.II 3a, b, c U.S. II 4c
Booker T. Washington: Economic Equality (“T” – think: training/Tuskegee) “Learn a trade or skill and turn it into money and freedom” Believed equality can be achieved through vocational education aka job training. …and accepted social separation: the segregation of black from white.
Recommend
More recommend
