Global Footprint Sorrento Networks Trusted Transport The 5G Reality Steve Pegrum September 2017
Mobile Data: Exponential Growth Courtesy of www.electronicdesign.com Courtesy of Business Intelligence Mobile data in Blue Courtesy of Cisco & Business Insider
5G Expectations Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance definitions for 5G standards: Speeds & User Types � 10s of Mb/s for tens of thousands of users � 100 Mb/s in metropolitan areas � 1 Gb/s for office workers � 100s of 1000s of connections for IoT sensors Other Improvements � Spectral efficiency � Coverage improved � Signalling efficiency � Latency reduced
Simple Sums Total Network Data = Data per User * Number of Users � User Data increasing exponentially - esp due to video � Number of Users increasing at lower rate � Also Total Network Data = Data per Cell * Number of Cells � Data per cell limited by Air interface and Backhaul capacity – More Cells! & More Backhaul
Cells & Sizes Diagrammatic Idealised? Realistic?
Gaps, Infill & Small Cells: More Cells And that’s before you consider so- called cell breathing
Macro Cell vs Micro (Small) Cell to These From These
A ‘Sideways’ View Central Office 3&4G Central Office 5G
Separate connections? Getting Messy at the Central office! Network Aggregation
Connecting it All Together: AKA Transport! Connectivity Perhaps not the 5G Problem you were thinking of? Data Centre
It’s not just mobile! Fixed Broadband Growth Data Growth per line Courtesy of Openreach and ThinkBroadband Evolution of End user device types might lead you to consider that this represents WiFi growth -Largely the same devices as Mobile- Global uptake of broadband: Courtesy of Point Topic
Connectivity & Fixed Broadband Evolution Internet Internet Exchange Exchange Broadband: Connected to the internet by your ISP by Copper Telephone Wires Full Fibre Broadband: Connected to the internet Internet by your ISP using Fibre all the way Fibre getting closer to the Edge! Exchange Q2-17 News from BDUK: Over £645 million could be returned via clawback and efficiency savings, which it Super fast Broadband (FTTC): Connected to estimates could be enough to boost UK coverage of fixed line superfast broadband networks from 95% by the end internet using Copper Wires to a cabinet and then of 2017 to 98% by the end of 2020. onward with fibre
Corporate Convergence Fixed Mobile Convergence � EE+BT � Vodafone: fixed and mobile � O2 Mobile & Fixed � Others � Surely Mobile networks will share connectivity with Fixed � networks? In practice they already do – via that sometimes controversial – service known as the Leased Line Something for the Regulator to focus on….. –
Fixed Mobile Connectivity Convergence Exchange Internet Exchange
Connectivity Types Copper (eg. telephone cable) � − Good for short distances but limited − Not alot of new copper being deployed today! Radio (eg. Microwave) � − Great where you can’t get anything better Across Railways, Rivers etc � Even does 10Gb/s, but only for very short distances – − LPWAN?: Designed for very low power and low data rates (eg IoT sensors) Fibre � − Massive bandwidth into 10s and 100s of Gb/s − Virtually unlimited distance (a few metres to 1000s of km) − Best choice by far - where it is available!
Advantages of Fibre Flexible & Tough � − In a cable or microduct Very high capacity – into the 100s of Gb/s � Very long distance � − Easily 5km, 10km, 40km or 80km in one span And you can have many many spans � Immune to Electrical interference � Compact � − One fibre can replace 100s of these!
Is Fibre Scarce? � Not really no! � But it can be difficult to get at � (Thanks to BT) I’m looking at you Openreach! � Nevertheless: � Providers such as CityFibre, Gigaclear, Colt, EUNetworks, Pinacl have Long Haul, Metropolitan and Rural fibre � Maybe in the near furture we will hear more about the delayed Openreach product “Dark Fibre Access” aka DFA � Alternatively: More Wires, Fibre, Cables & Ducts? � Alot of Digging! � Alternatively - Multiplexing : The practice of carrying more/different traffic at the same time � A few choices for this…...
Multiplex Examples � Frequency Division - ( FDM ): eg. Channels on FM radio � Time Division – ( TDM ): eg. GSM, SDH, GPON & Ethernet � Code Division – ( CDM ): eg. 3G & 4G Mobile (CDMA) � Wavelength Division - ( WDM ): Prism & White Light Principles � Many Colours (Wavelengths) on the same fibre � Some applications only need a ‘coloured’ SFP in client equipment � Plus some passive filters and (maybe) amplifiers, depending on distance � Yes there is complexity here but it’s all do-able for your local friendly optical networks design team Note: CWDM & DWDM differ only in the number of wavelength choices available. Usually 8 for ‘C’ and probably 40 or 80 for ‘D’
Fibre & WDM based Transport: Well Known Facts about xWDM � − Uses Fibre & provides very large capacity State of the art today is probably around 80 channels of 100Gb/s: eg 8Tb/s � − Although for less intense applications 4*10G (40G/s) is probably quite sufficient! Less well known Facts about xWDM � − Entirely Independent Services (different protocols, different service, different customers) − Each service travels at speed of Light (in glass) – Low Latency − Distance almost unlimited WDM is not just a point to point thing −
WDM: It’s Not just about ‘Fat Pipes’ The OADM Zero electrical power and Unlimited Capacity (almost...) DWDM Does Traffic Distribution!
Fibre + WDM + OADM: Infrastructure Sharing Consider a Fibre as Virtual Duct and a DWDM channel as Virtual Fibre Site C Site E Site A Site B Site D Fibre sharing between different services, and even service providers: Fixed or Mobile (without complexities of Layer 3 or Layer 2 interworking) Even one fibre can provide a valid alternative to digging the road Fibre as a shared infrastructure between fixed and mobile networks? Why not!
5G Realities Summary: Many issues not unique to 5G mobile. Also applicable to ‘fixed networks’ � Many more cells than today and a lot more backhaul � Government led encouragement of fixed Fibre broadband � No doubt a mix of solutions, but alot more demand on Fibre � More actual / physical Fibre – WDM technologies must have an important part to play – In Fact: It’s possible to claim that in many ways 5G & Mobile Networks are � similar to Fixed networks – but with Aerials on the end!
Global Footprint Thank You Sorrento Networks Trusted Transport Optical Networks Made Simple! stephen.pegrum@sorrentonet.com 07588 331706
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