Solar and Photovoltaic Demonstrative research on PV performance in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 Solar and Photovoltaic Demonstrative research on PV performance in Thailand August 17, 2006 Fuji Electric Systems Co., Ltd.

2 Today’s Line up 1. Solar cell 2. PV system 3. PV market 4. Demonstrative sites and measurement items 5. Introduction of collected data at TEI site 6. Introduction of collected data at Cho Heng site 7. Explanation of the demonstrative research 8. Conclusion of the demonstrative research

3 Solar cell

4 Principles of Solar Cell P-type semiconductor N-type semiconductor Energy of light, not heat ・ Solar cell has a structure that p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor are joined together. ・ When sunlight is absorbed at p-n junction, positive hole and electron will be born. ・ If plus and minus terminals are connected through load, current is Section view of solar cell (model) passing.

5 Conversion efficiency of PV Equal to 100,000 luxes of illumination Irradiance : 1kW/m 2 PV panel Output power (Pmax) : 100W area : 1m 2 Temperature : 25deg.C Output power (Pmax) Conversion efficiency = = 100W/1kW = 10% Input power

6 Electrical performance of PV Pmax point 7 140 Example 6 120 Voltage-current performance 5 100 Current (A) Power (W) 4 80 3 60 Voltage-power performance 2 40 Light intensity : 1kW/m 2 1 20 Temperature : 25 deg.C AM : 1.5 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Voltage (V)

7 Kind of Solar Cell Conversion Efficiency under STC (average of product on the market) c-Si Single crystal 15 ~ 19% Crystal 13 ~ 16% Polycrystal a-Si Silicon Silicon (Silicon, Silicon Alloy) (Silicon, Silicon Alloy) 6 ~ 10% Amorphous (SiGe, SiC, etc.) (SiGe, SiC, etc.) PV Cell (GaAs Type) (GaAs Type) - Single Crystal Compound CdTe : 6 ~ 10% (Cds, CdTe (Cds, CdTe Polycrystal CIS : 8 ~ 10% , CuInGaSe2, etc.)

8 Solar Cell, Module and Array

9 PV module See Through Type Single Crystalline Poly-Crystalline (Amorphous Silicon) Type Type Flexible Type Thin Film (Amorphous Silicon) (Amorphous Silicon) Type

10 PV System

11 Basic configuration of PV system Utility grid (PEA, MEA) LOAD AC DC Junction Box PV Array and Frame DC Junction Box PV Array and Frame Power Conditioner equipped with protective function for interconnection

12 Feature of PV system 《 MERIT 》 《 DEMERIT 》 《 MERIT 》 《 DEMERIT 》 ● Unlimited energy ● Depend on weather ● ● ● Unlimited energy ● Depend on weather Unlimited energy Depend on weather condition condition condition ● Clean Energy ● ● Clean Energy Clean Energy ● Work only daytime ● ● Work only daytime Work only daytime ● Same efficiency for ● ● Same efficiency for Same efficiency for ● Low energy density ● ● Low energy density Low energy density any capacity any capacity any capacity ● Easy maintenance ● ● Easy maintenance Easy maintenance

13 Kind of PV system （ Grid-connected ） Grid Connected System Grid Connected System Most popular system for area where utility grid is available Most popular system for area where utility grid is available Merit LOAD ・ Stable power supply to load Utility grid ・ Most efficient system AC (PEA, MEA) ・ Easy Maintenance Demerit ・ PV system cannot work in case of a power failure of utility grid. DC Junction Box PV Array and Frame Power Conditioner

14 Kind of PV system （ Stand alone ） Stand Alone System Stand Alone System Available in non-electrified area, for example a mountain hut, a remote island,etc. LOAD Merit ・ Independently use AC Demerit ・ More expensive than grid connected system ・ Another stable power supply, for example battery, is necessary. Charge controller DC DC PV Array and Frame Battery Inverter (CVCF)

15 Kind of PV system (Grid backed-up) Grid Backed- -up System up System Grid Backed Grid connected operation usually, isolated operation in case of a power failure. LOAD Merit ・ High reliability Utility grid ・ Adequate for a disaster prevention system (PEA, MEA) AC Demerit ・ More expensive than grid connected system Charge controller DC DC PV Array and Frame Battery Power Conditioner

16 Power conditioner for grid connected system Power conditioner Inverter PV array Inverter unit ～ Grid line Load Control unit Protection unit for Protection interconnection unit ・ Automatic start/stop operation Protection unit which ・ Maximum power tracking system disconnects power conditioner ・ Automatic voltage regulation from grid line In case of trouble ・ Disconnection function under abnormal at grid line, including islanding condition detector

17 Way of installation Flat roof Frame installation Ground Slope roof Installation Building integration

18 1kW of PV system For crystal PV ● Necessary Area for PV modules about 7.7m 2 ● Weight PV panels : about 90kg (about 12kg /m 2 ) Support frame : about 100~200kg (about 13~26kg /m 2 ) Total weight of PV panels and support frame about 190~290kg (about 25kg~38kg /m 2 )

19 Contribution to Environment If you install 1kW PV system, you can contribute to environment as much as value shown below. Precondition (in Japan): 1kW PV system can generate electricity of 1,000kWh per a year. 1. Reduction of CO 2 emission : 165.7 kg-C/year 2. Equal value in forest area : 0.17 ha 3. Reduction of oil consumption : 243.2 litters Source : PV system Guidebook, NEDO

20 Maintenance of PV system Basically, NO MAINTENANCE But periodical check is recommended. Equipment Equipment No. Items for check No. Items for check 1 PV 1) PV module (a) Dirt, breakage on surface 3 Power 1) External (a) Corrosion, erosion, rust of box array (b) Fracture, discoloration of cell conditioner appearance (b) Damage of cable (c) Distortion, breakage of frame (c) Condition of door (d) Damage of cable (d) Damage of devices inside 2) Suport (a) Corrosion, erosion, rust (e) Damage of grounding wire frame (b) Damage of grounding wire (f) Abnormal sound and smell in operation 3) Electrical (a) Measurement of insulation resistance (g) Clogged ventilating filter performance (b) Measurement of open-circuit voltage (h) Environment (high temperature, high humidity) 2 Junction Box (a) Corrosion, erosion, rust of box 2) Electical (a) Operating condition of display (b) Damage of cable performance (b) Measurement of insulation resistance (c) Damage of grounding wire (c) Sequence test of protection unit (d) Condition of door 3) Start and (a) Manual operation stop (b) Automatic operation (c) Pmax tracking unit 4) Protection (a) Relay test relay (b) Sequence test 4 Measurement 1) Pyranometer (a) Dirt, breakage on surface equipment (b) Damage of cable (c) Measurement of output voltage 2) Thermometer (a) Breakage (b) Damage of cable (c) Measurement of signal output 3) Personal (a) Display computer (b) Reserved data (c) Output power data