Smart Ocean Wave Energy Converter ECE 1616A Nana Ahiabli, Andrew Budd, John Jacquinet Faculty Advisor: Peng Zhang Graduate Advisor: Taofeek Orekan
Overview Recap Generator Improvements 3-Coil system Mechanical changes Circuit Improvements Buck-boost hardware Software & Simulations PCB Design Microcontroller
Recap of the Wave Energy Converter (WEC) ● Point absorber style WEC (right) ● Direct Drive Linear Generator (left) ● Used to charge autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs)
Wave Energy Converter System
Current Generator Specifications 3-Coil System Higher power capability Three 24 AWG copper magnet coils 24 AWG wire rated for 3.5 amps Total of 10.5 amps @ 50V input Maximum power rating of 500 watts 3090 turns per coil Similar number of turns as previous model Provides similar input voltage of 50V max
Wave Energy Converter System
Buck-Boost Circuit with Optocoupler Buck-boost duty cycle is adjusted by micro to output 13.8V for battery charging Optocoupler necessary for electrical isolation from micro to buck-boost Schottky diodes used in circuit to reduce voltage drop All components are rated for at least 20 amps for high power system
PI control, How do we do it? Pseudo Code Power and control circuit error_prior = 0 integral = 0 K P = Proportional gain K I = Integral gain while(1) { error = desired_value – actual_value integral = integral + (error*iteration_time) output = K P *error + K I *integral + K D *derivative + bias error_prior = error sleep(iteration_time) }
Buck-Boost PI Response to Instantaneous Input Voltage Drop The input voltage will have an AC component unlike this simulation, and an immediate voltage change is not expected under typical operation. Green is the input voltage Red is the output Voltage Purple is the error in output
PCB Design (Power Board) 2 oz. copperclad board Higher oz. board allows for narrower traces CNC milling for traces/holes Contains all components that involve high power applications Buck-boost converter
PCB Design (Control board) 1 oz. copperclad board CNC milling for traces/vias All low power components Microcontroller Bluetooth Optocoupler
Wave Energy Converter System
Microcontroller ATMEGA168P Powered via 5V linear regulator ADC ADC necessary for voltage/current sense PWM output for buck-boost Serial communication with bluetooth module HC-05 Bluetooth module for data analysis
Wave Energy Converter System
Batteries Chosen Sealed Lead-Acid Charge voltage 13.5V- 14.9V 3.5 AH each Total of 14 AH All four batteries fit in 2 of the 3 compartments available on the
Moving Forward Soldering components onto PCB Power output testing Utilizing test rig for more reliable data Software: Adjust PI controls Android app to view bluetooth data
Estimated Cost per Unit (Control Board) Part # of Parts Price per Part Total Price ATMEGA168 1 $2.38 $2.38 4N35 Optocoupler 1 $0.33 $0.33 Disconnects 2 $0.06 $0.12 5V Regulator 1 $0.40 $0.40 ISP Headers 2 $0.35 $0.70 HC-05 Bluetooth 1 $9.99 $9.99 6 Pin DIP Socket 1 $0.16 $0.16 28 Pin DIP Socket 1 $0.22 $0.22 Production Cost $27.00 $41.30 Total Cost per Board:
Estimated Cost per Unit (Power Board) Part # of Parts Price per Part Total Price Input Cap 1 $32.12 $32.12 Output Cap 1 $0.20 $0.20 Inductor 1 $11.80 $11.80 Schottky Diode 4 $0.40 $1.60 MOSFET 2 $1.60 $3.20 Pull Down Resistor 1 $0.02 $0.02 Disconnects 4 $0.05 $0.20 Production Cost $27.00 Total Cost per $76.14 Board:
Estimated Cost for All Electronics Component # of Parts Price per Part Total Price Control Board 1 $41.30 $41.30 Power Board 1 $76.14 $76.14 Generator 1 $301.99 $301.99 Batteries 4 $12.35 $49.40 $468.83 Total Cost for Electronics:
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