Smart Grids -Unveiling the future of energy frontiers S A Khaparde Dept. of Electrical Engineering IIT Bombay
Part 1 – Essentials of SG IIT Bombay Module 1 - Background, Introduction, and smart grid architecture . Module 2 - Advance Metering Infrastructure. Module 3 - Communication technologies. 2
Part 2 – Functionalities of SG IIT Bombay Module 4 – Distribution automation and asset management Module 5 - Demand Response Module 6 - Large scale renewable energy integration Module 7 - Role of smart grid for Energy storage and Electric vehicles Module 8 - Self Healing Module 9 - Smart micro grids Module 10 - Information technology application, Data structure and analytics Module 11 - Smart grids and smart Cities Module 12 - Smart grid technology for Transmission system 3
Part 3 - Security, Standards and Regulations IIT Bombay Module 13 - Inter-operability and standards Module 14 - Cyber security Module 15 - Smart grid regulations 4
Part 4 - Implementation IIT Bombay Module 16 - Cost benefit analysis and Business Model of smart grids Module 17 – Indian scenario, Pilot projects, Key performance Indices (KPI), Smart Grid Maturity Model Module 18 – Road map 5
Part 5 – Pilot projects IIT Bombay Discussion on pilot projects 6
Sustainability- Change in Preferences IIT Bombay Today’s Tom omor orrows' ' Choice… Electricity 7
What is the Smart Grid? IIT Bombay The Smart Grid integrates information technology and advanced communications into the power system in order to: Increase system efficiency and cost effectiveness Provide customers tools to manage energy use Improve reliability, resiliency and power quality Enable use of innovative technologies including renewables, storage and electric vehicles 8
Why Smart Grids ? IIT Bombay Drivers Challenges Benefits • Increase access to • High system loading on • Improvement of electricity large networks efficiency • Reduce T&D losses • Fluctuating renewables • Quicker restoration • Improve reliability and • New consumption models • Reduced O&M cost quality of supply (electric vehicles, smart • Peak demand shifting • Energy security buildings, roof top solar) • Reduced prices • Centralized and • Meet growing demand • Increased renewable decentralized generation and manage peak load integration • Changing regulatory • Aging and overstressed • Multiple energy choices environment infrastructure to the end customer • Increased energy trading • Integrate renewable • Prosumer enablement • Increased customer energy • Improved security • Safety, sustainability and expectation • Many more... • Lack of awareness environmental concerns • Many more ... • Standards & interoperability • Many more... Sources: http://www.iec.ch/smartgrid/challenges/ http://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid#smart_grid 9
Smart Grid IIT Bombay Transformation to an information-enabled and highly interconnected network between electricity consumers and suppliers. Limited Choice More Choice One-way Communication Two-way Communication Few sensors Pervasive Monitoring Analog Control Digital Control Reactive Maintenance Condition-based maintenance Blind Self Healing 10
Tomorrow’s “Smarter Grid" 2-way flow of electricity and information 11
Supply Chain Is Changing IIT Bombay Generation From Serial Transmission Distribution Customer To Circular 12
Advancing in the Technology is Enabler for IIT Bombay Smart Transmission Smart Generation Smart Distribution Smart Customer Utilities can advance Smart Grid to any of these areas… 13
Components of Smart Grid IIT Bombay Smart Generation to optimize energy generation based on the feedbacks Smart Substations to monitor & control substation from remote location Smart Transmission and Distribution to build self healing capability through computer aided control decisions Smart Energy Meters to enable two way communication between consumer & supplier Smart Appliances to build capability to decide an ideal time to consume power 14
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Why Choose Smart Grid
Smart Grid Functionalities IIT Bombay
Need for SG Architecture and Design Framework IIT Bombay • There are various functionalities being AMI for Residential, C & I envisaged as part of the smart grid initiative Peak Load Management • Each of these functionalities are a mixture of multiple systems/ Outage Management applications • For these systems to deliver the best possible benefits, it is important that Power Quality each of these systems support the minimum need of being able to talk to Renewable Integration each other i.e. should be INTEROPERABLE • This framework is an attempt to Distributed Generation identify the key use cases in these functionalities, and the corresponding information exchange needs 18
Framework Scope, Boundaries and Priorities IIT Bombay Four Priority Areas defined – inline with functionalities planned in Smart Grid pilots AMI for Residential, C & I Meter Operations Scope: • Identify the key use cases for each of these identified priority areas Peak Load Management • List down the information exchange needs, primary actor, process/activity, source system, destination system, relevant interoperability standards for each of the use Outage Management cases Grid Operations Boundaries: Power Quality • framework shall be limited to interfaces between the smart grid components shall not cover the architecture and design standards within the individual smart • Distributed Generation/ grid components Renewable Integration Renewable Integration Distributed Generation Market Operations 19
Use cases and Information Exchange needs IIT Bombay Meter Operations Grid Operations DG/Renewable Integration • Multiple Clients Read • Distribution Grid Control • Fault in a circuit with DER Demand and Energy Data and Monitoring connected to healthy Automatically from section cleared by fast • Distribution Control Customer Premises circuit breaker trip and by Center has a view of the reverse protection from • Utility remotely limits transmission system and DER fault injection creating usage and/or connects and other interconnected a self-sustainable island disconnects customer systems • Fault in a circuit with DER • Utility detects tampering • Utility plans to estimate connected to healthy or theft at customer site the load flow in areas section cleared by fast where analog data is • Customer connection has circuit breaker trip and by unavailable (by utilizing the an outage reverse protection from available data) • Metering network changes DER fault injection, • Effective Load Management • Demand side management creating an insufficient and Distribution • Customer Billing island • Utility monitors the • Load monitoring at • Fault in a circuit with DER reliability indices on daily demand side connected to faulty section basis • Meter maintenance cleared by circuit breaker and by relay Protection of • Customers having access DER to consumption details 20
Basic Smart Grid Ingredients IIT Bombay (source: Gridwise Alliance) 21
Smart Grid Pyramid IIT Bombay (source: BC Hydro) 22
IEEE Smart Grid Conceptual Framework IIT Bombay The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Smart Grid Conceptual model provides a high level framework that defines seven important Smart Grid domains: Bulk Generation Transmission Distribution Customers Operations Markets Service Providers 23
Towards SmartGrid IIT Bombay Issues Drivers 2-way Connectivity with end Standardization consumer IT in distribution Customer service orientation Demand Side Management Power quality Outage Management Outlet Issues Distribution Franchises Loss reduction Multi agent Technology Theft control Asset management 24
Smart Grid- Distribution as a Key IIT Bombay 25
Demand Response IIT Bombay Demand response (DR) is form of dynamic demand mechanisms Providing electricity customers in both retail and wholesale electricity markets with a choice whereby they can respond to dynamic or time-based prices or other types of incentives by reducing and/or shifting usage, particularly during peak periods, such that these demand modifications can address issues such as pricing, reliability, emergency response, and infrastructure planning, operation, and deferral. Definition by the United States Demand Response Coordinating Committee (DRCC) In India- at transmission Level ABT based on frequency serves as DR Program 26
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