Sigismondo Fanti, Triompho di Fortuna, 1527 fortune-telling game Clement balanced precariously atop globe which angel of good fortune and devil of ill fortune turn
The Clementine Style > more an aspiration than a reality
16th century opened with atmosphere of apocalyptic fear and millennial hope Parmigianino, Vision of St Jerome, 1526, NGA commissioned by Maria Bufalini, wife of Antonio Caccialupi for family chapel in San Salvatore in Lauro (burned down in 1591) intended to be part of a triptych sides representing: Conception of Virgin and Meeting of Joachim and Anna P’s uncle stored the panel with friars of SM della Pace theme of chapel = genealogy of the Virgin contract: Virgin and Child with Sts John the B and Jerome Antonio’s father’s name = Giovanni Battista half moon > immaculate conception > original commission
16th century opened with atmosphere of apocalyptic fear and millennial hope beauty = sign of spiritual beauty plenitude of grace Luke 1:28 1520-30’s: debate shifting from internal Catholic over immaculate conception to larger stage (Erasmus 1519 translation changed gratia plena to gratiosa pleasing to God) Virgin and Woman of the Apocalypse = CHURCH new ideal of feminine beauty > grace + ornament signified ecclesiastical reform ideal of many models Zeuxis as told in Cicero’s De inventione Lucian, Eikones : painter must imitate the best parts of sculpture
Raphael, Madonna of Foligno, 1511 high altar of the Aracoeli Virgin as Apocalyptic Woman foundational myth of the Church vision shown Augustus by Tiburtine Sibyl clothed in the sun rainbow > God’s promise to humankind Genesis 9:11-17 flood would never recur sheep grazing > Virgil’s 4th Eclogue Virgin’s beauty > immaculacy Franciscan Church = bride of Christ golden age of church under Julius II
image of reformed Virgin-Church message of ecclesiastical reform elongation grace mimesis from nature + art Zeuxis, from Cicero’s De inventione Woman of the Apocalypse 12 battles the dragon comes forth like the dawn fair was the moon bright as the sun terrible as an army militant Immaculata
birth motif Christ child is older, more seductive Church = bride of Christ full narrative widely spread legs Michelangelo’s Bruges Madonna, 1501-04
Leonardo, John the Baptist, androgynous soul regenerated through grace in baptism a new creature - neither male or female, Jew or Greek emphasis on John the Baptist unusual urgency > gesture towards Christ despite muscles > feminine qualities why is Jerome asleep? blurs physical boundary urgency
etymology of Jerome > vision of beauty dreaming of the grace of the Immaculata, or beauty of the Virgin-Church or assertion of weakness of will and futility of good works in Letter to Eustochium, Jerome described a dream in which angels scolded him for devoting too much time to Cicero, instead of modeling himself on Christ
hovering left foot
Rosso Fiorentino, Moses Defending the Daughters of Jethro, c. 1523
Michelangelo, Brazen Serpent, Sistine Chapel, c. 1512 Rosso Fiorentino, Moses Defending the Daughters of Jethro, c. 1523
http://www.aparences.net/art-et-mecenat/rome-mecenat-et-pouvoir-papal/clement-vii-medicis/
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