SHIFTING IDENTITIES, HOW DOES HERITAGE EVOLVE Experiences Shared from Indonesia by: Catrini Pratihari Kubontubuh Chairpeson of BPPI-Indonesian Heritage Trust INTO Executive Committee Member INTBAU 2016 World Congress Programme London, 14-15 November 2016
Presentation Structure: 1. Concept of Heritage in Indonesia 2. Establishment of Indonesian Heritage Trust 3. Challenges of Heritage in Urban Development 4. Heritage Cities Network and its activities 5. Introduction to ICNT 2017
1 INDONESIA ULTIMATE IN DIVERSITY More than 17.500 islands More than 1.300 tribes More than 500 local languages
CHARTER FOR INDONESIAN HERITAGE CONSERVATION 2003 Natural heritage is the construct of nature . Cultural heritage is the legacy of thought, emotion, intentions, and special creation of more than 500 Indonesian ethnicities, individually, collectively or interactively produced in relation with other cultures throughout its length of history. It includes the tangible and intangible culture S aujana heritage is the inextricable unity between natural and cultural heritage in space and time
LAUNCHING OF INDONESIAN HERITAGE YEAR 2003
2 ESTABLISHMENT OF BPPI/ INDONESIAN HERITAGE TRUST - Promotion for heritage understanding - Change of heritage paradigm - Heritage Emergency Response for Natural Disaster - Heritage Education for Primary School - Infill Design Heritage in Architecture - Heritage Inventory - Heritage Cities Conservation - Heritage program for community empowerment - Indonesian Heritage Year 2013 “ Heritage for Community Welfare ”
BADAN PELEST STARIAN PUS USAKA INDONESI SIA INDONESI SIAN HERITAGE GE TR TRUS UST Registered member of INTO (International of National Trust Organizations) MISSION: 1. Provide inputs for heritage conservation policies and regulations 2. Strengthen heritage conservation community activities 3. Develop funding for heritage conservation
3 Challenges of Heritage in Urban Development - Saving heritage from natural & human disaster -
Indonesia is located in the ring of fire
Nature Disaster on Heritage Sites
HUMAN DISASTER IN HERITAGE SITE Lots of things are being competing within each other to approach the city’s decision on its priority. This competition is argued as a social construction whereas cultural heritage, which passed from one generation to the next one, should against any changes. The definition of what is traditional in culture, the specification of links between present and past, is constantly being symbolically recreated and contested (Wood 1993:58).
Gambar 1. Kawasan Bisnis Sudirman (kiri) dan Pluit (kanan)Sumber: Internet Flood
Fire West Sumatra Traditional Houses aged more than 200 years burned
Heritage vs New Development Indonesian Minister of Culture & Tourism
Development of the new structure destroyed the heritage objects that must be conserved
Heritage vs Economy Investment The Steel Plant construction in the core area of archaeological remains. This contestation involved an economic investor who had received a building permit from the Regent in 2012. This is a case of how local government can itself be a threat to the preservation of a key heritage site. The long public protest which was supported by the worldwide media, finally succeeded in cancelling the project in 2014.
4 INDONESIAN HERITAGE CITIES MANAGEMENT OF CITY PRIVATE SECTOR COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION OUTSTANDING VALUES : NATURE, CULTURE & SAUJANA COMMUNITY WELFARE QUALITY OF LIFE INCREASED INCOME ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
ASSOCIATION OF INDONESIAN HERITAGE CITIES (JARINGAN KOTA PUSAKA INDONESIA/JKPI) ESTABLISHMENT OF INDONESIAN HERITAGE CITIES ASSOCIATION 8 MEMBERS IN 2008 58 MEMBERS IN 2016 # 416 regencies # 98 cities # 34 provinces
HERITAGE CITIES PROGRAM • HERITAGE CITIES CONSERVATION AND PLANNING – P3KP • NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT FOR HERITAGE CONSERVATION – PNPM PUSAKA • HERITAGE CITIES QUALITY ENHANCEMENT BASED ON CREATIVE ECONOMY ACTIVITIES • GLOBAL IMPORTANT AGRICULTURE HERITAGE SYSTEM - GIAHS
10 Pilot Cities P3KP Locations HERITAGE FOR COMMUNITY WELFARE 2. Yogyakarta 1. Karangasem 3. Banjarmasin 4. Bogor 5. Palembang 6. Banda Aceh 10. Bau-bau 7. Denpasar 8. Sawahlunto 9. Semarang
HERITAGE CITIES QUALITY ENHANCEMENT BASED ON CREATIVE ECONOMY ACTIVITIES
PROGRAM FOR HERITAGE CITIES QUALITY ENHANCEMENT BASED ON CREATIVE ECONOMY ACTIVITIES: - Creative Economy Assets Inventory - Human Resources Capacities & Institution
PNPM PUSAKA /HERITAGE Utilize heritage assets by community participation
FAO, 2013 GLOBAL IMPORTANT AGRICULTURE HERITAGE SYSTEM Role of GIAHS: Harmonizing the needs of food & energy security
UNIQUENESS COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES ECONOMY AUTHENTICITY INTEGRITY LEGAL POLITIC HERITAGE CITIES ENDANGERED CULTURE HISTORICAL FRAGILE BACKGROUND EDUCATION SOCIAL ARCHITECTURE CONTEXT It’s not just remembering a heritage but remaking heritage it into something new” (D. Lowenthal)
INTEGRATE THE INTANGIBLE MEANING The conservation of heritage sites is not merely how to preserve an archaeological object, but how such site design can include its human activities thus directly addressing the needs of the local environment being engaged. The strong linkage among social, politic and economy aspects is giving influence to the use of land in Trowulan since its past period.
People started to feel and think about space attached to their custom, their beliefs and how they relate it with home, neighborhood and wider compound of their place (Tuan 2008:179)
(BPPI, 2012)
Hence, this condition needed a new concept of heritage conservation within an area based. This shifting paradigm from single object to area based management is appropriated for heritage evolve. The conflict management can be started through dialogue among stakeholders to raise their common need for their heritage.
INSTRUMENTS FOR FORMULATING THE MANAGEMENT PLAN MASTER PLAN -8- Design Government -7- Space Planning -6- Activities Planning - MANAGEMENT - 5- Disaster Risk Management Private Sectors -4- Heritage Economy -3- Information, Education, Promotion Community -2- Inventory & Documentation Participation -1- Institution and Good Governance Outstanding Value : Natural, Culture, saujana Community Benefit Income Generating Quality of Life Environmental Friendly GOALS
5
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