Saving Lives through Protective Design Saving Lives through Protective Design Tod Rittenhouse, PE Tod Rittenhouse, PE W eidlinger Associates, I nc. W eidlinger Associates, I nc. For For Urban Hazards Forum Urban Hazards Forum New York, NY New York, NY January 2 3 , 2 0 0 2 January 2 3 , 2 0 0 2 w w w .w ai.com New York • Cambridge • Los Altos • Los Angeles • Washington, DC • Princeton
Outline of Discussion Topics Outline of Discussion Topics History of Terrorist Attacks – – Need for Protection Need for Protection History of Terrorist Attacks � Current facilities incorporating Protective Design Current facilities incorporating Protective Design � Defining Blast Loading Defining Blast Loading � Perim eter Protection Perim eter Protection � Facades and Glazing Facades and Glazing � Progressive Collapse Progressive Collapse � Structural Hardening Structural Hardening � Retrofitting Retrofitting � Conclusions Conclusions � Weidlinger Associates Inc Weidlinger Associates Inc www.wai www. wai.com .com
Terrorist Attacks & Technology Tim eline Terrorist Attacks & Technology Tim eline Major Recent Events Major Recent Events U.S. Em bassy, U.S. Em bassy, W orld Trade Center W orld Trade Center Murrah Fed. Bldg. Murrah Fed. Bldg. Khobar Khobar Tow ers Tow ers U.S. Em bassies U.S. Em bassies Beirut, Lebanon Beirut, Lebanon New York, NY New York, NY Oklahom a City, OK Oklahom a City, OK Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Kenya & Tanzania Kenya & Tanzania March 1 9 8 3 February 1 9 9 3 February 1 9 9 5 Novem ber 1 9 9 6 July 1 9 9 8 Military Military US Dept of US Dept of Dom esticated Dom esticated I nitial I nitial Progressive Progressive Curtain W all Curtain W all Technologies Technologies State State Protective Protective I m plem entation of I m plem entation of Collapse Collapse Testing & Testing & Guidelines Guidelines Design and Design and GSA Guidelines GSA Guidelines Analysis Analysis Reverse Reverse Engineering Engineering Technical Advances Technical Advances Weidlinger Associates Inc Weidlinger Associates Inc www.wai www. wai.com .com
U.S. Em bassies - - ( W orldw ide ( W orldw ide - - DOS/ FBO) DOS/ FBO) U.S. Em bassies Lessons Learned Lessons Learned � Need for Mitigation of Terrorist Attacks Need for Mitigation of Terrorist Attacks � Vulnerability of Em bassies and Sensitive Vulnerability of Em bassies and Sensitive � U.S. Embassy, Lebanon U.S. Embassy, Lebanon Structures to Such an Attack Structures to Such an Attack Urgent Need for a System atic and Urgent Need for a System atic and � Com prehensive Solution to the Vulnerability of Com prehensive Solution to the Vulnerability of Structures Structures U.S. Em bassy, Kuw ait U.S. Em bassy, Kuw ait Weidlinger Associates Inc Weidlinger Associates Inc www.wai www. wai.com .com
At approxim ately 12 noon on February 26, At approxim ately 12 noon on February 26, 19 9 3, a m assive explosion rocked the 19 9 3, a m assive explosion rocked the W orld Trade Center W orld Trade Center World Trade Center in New York City, World Trade Center in New York City, New York, NY New York, NY causing m illions of dollars in dam age ... causing m illions of dollars in dam age ... I nternal Explosion Effects I nternal Explosion Effects � Reinforced Concrete Slab Behavior Reinforced Concrete Slab Behavior � Steel Colum n Behavior Steel Colum n Behavior � Weidlinger Associates Inc Weidlinger Associates Inc www.wai www. wai.com .com
Murrah Federal Building, Oklahom a City Federal Building, Oklahom a City Murrah Prim ary Lessons Learned Prim ary Lessons Learned Architectural Architectural – Protective Design Conflicts Protective Design Conflicts � Collateral Dam age/ I njury from Glazing Failure Collateral Dam age/ I njury from Glazing Failure � Progressive Collapse of Structure Progressive Collapse of Structure � Sym pathetic Building Dam age Sym pathetic Building Dam age � 253 Sustained Minor Dam age 253 Sustained Minor Dam age � 21 Sustained Structural Dam age 21 Sustained Structural Dam age � 10 Collapsed 10 Collapsed � Weidlinger Associates Inc Weidlinger Associates Inc www.wai www. wai.com .com
Collateral Dam age - Collateral Dam age - Low er Manhattan Low er Manhattan Weidlinger Associates Inc Weidlinger Associates Inc www. www.wai wai.com .com
U.S. Em bassies - - Engineering Guidelines Engineering Guidelines U.S. Em bassies Technical Advances Technical Advances U.S. Em bassy, Nicosia U.S. Em bassy, Nicosia U.S. Em bassy, Singapore U.S. Em bassy, Singapore Weidlinger Associates Inc Weidlinger Associates Inc www. www.wai wai.com .com
GSA Projects – GSA Projects – Protective Design Protective Design Brooklyn Federal Brooklyn Federal Courthouse Courthouse Brooklyn GPO Brooklyn GPO Courthouse Courthouse Las Vegas Las Vegas Oklahom a City Oklahom a City Courthouse Courthouse Weidlinger Associates Inc Weidlinger Associates Inc www.wai www. wai.com .com
Client Shift Client Shift Private Sector Security Private Sector Security � Requirem ents – – Sept. 1 1 th Sept. 1 1 th Requirem ents Weidlinger Associates Inc Weidlinger Associates Inc www. www.wai wai.com .com
Design Threat Design Threat Explosives Explosives � � Tractor Trailer Tractor Trailer up to 3 0 ,0 0 0 lbs. up to 3 0 ,0 0 0 lbs. � Truck Truck 5 ,0 0 0 lbs. 5 ,0 0 0 lbs. � Van Van 1 ,5 0 0 lbs. 1 ,5 0 0 lbs. � Car Car 5 0 0 lbs. 5 0 0 lbs. � Loading Dock Package Loading Dock Package 1 0 0 lbs. 1 0 0 lbs. � Lobby Package Lobby Package 5 0 lbs. 5 0 lbs. � Letter Letter 5 lbs. 5 lbs. Vehicle I m pact 1 0 ,0 0 0 lbs. @ 5 0 MPH Vehicle I m pact 1 0 ,0 0 0 lbs. @ 5 0 MPH � Weidlinger Associates Inc Weidlinger Associates Inc www.wai www. wai.com .com
Threat = Explosion + Standoff Threat = Explosion + Standoff Weidlinger Associates Inc Weidlinger Associates Inc www. www.wai wai.com .com
Perim eter Protection Perim eter Protection Guard Booth for Guard Booth for Roll Up Garage Door Roll Up Garage Door Guard Booth for Roll Up Garage Door Active Access Control Active Access Control for Off Hour Protection for Off Hour Protection Active Access Control for Off Hour Protection Stationary Anti-Ram Stationary Anti Ram Stationary Anti-Ram Bollards to Guarantee Bollards to Guarantee Bollards to Guarantee Stand Stand-Off Distance Off Distance Stand-Off Distance Proper Lighting Proper Lighting Proper Lighting Garage Garage Garage Garage Garage Garage Operable Bollards Operable Bollards Surveillance Surveillance Operable Bollards Surveillance Cameras to Cameras to Cameras to Sallyport Sallyport Sallyport Loading Dock Loading Dock Loading Dock Monitor Facility Monitor Facility Monitor Facility Weidlinger Associates Inc Weidlinger Associates Inc www.wai www. wai.com .com
Lobby I nterior Lobby I nterior Windows & Walls Windows & Walls Windows & Walls Exposed to Lobby Exposed to Lobby Exposed to Lobby Threat Need to Threat Need to Threat Need to be Strengthened be Strengthened be Strengthened Security Office Protected With Security Office Protected With Security Office Protected With Bullet Resistant Glazing to Bullet Resistant Glazing to Bullet Resistant Glazing to Monitor Lobby & Building Activity Monitor Lobby & Building Activity Monitor Lobby & Building Activity Turnstiles in Lobby Turnstiles in Lobby Turnstiles in Lobby Columns Within Pre Columns Within Pre- Columns Within Pre- Screened Areas Need Screened Areas Need Screened Areas Need to be Strengthened to be Strengthened to be Strengthened Magnitomiter to Magnitomiter to X-ray Machine to ray Machine to Magnitomiter to X-ray Machine to Screen All Persons, Screen All Persons, Screen All Packages Screen All Packages Screen All Persons, Screen All Packages Visitors and Visitors and Visitors and Employees Employees Employees Package Or Letter Bomb Package Or Letter Bomb In Pre-Screened Area In Pre Screened Area Weidlinger Associates Inc Weidlinger Associates Inc www.wai www. wai.com .com
W I DESPREAD DAMAGE to CONVENTI ONAL GLAZI NG W I DESPREAD DAMAGE to CONVENTI ONAL GLAZI NG BLAST EFFECTS ON BUI LDI NGS BLAST EFFECTS ON BUI LDI NGS Courtesy G.C. Mays and P.D. Sm ith Courtesy G.C. Mays and P.D. Sm ith Weidlinger Associates Inc Weidlinger Associates Inc www. www.wai wai.com .com
Design Solutions Design Solutions Heat Strengthened Glass Heat Strengthened Glass � Lam inated Glass Lam inated Glass � Balanced W indow Design Balanced W indow Design � � Match Capacity of Glass to Mullions and anchorages Match Capacity of Glass to Mullions and anchorages Retrofit Existing Buildings Retrofit Existing Buildings � Energy Absorbing Materials/ Designs Energy Absorbing Materials/ Designs � Weidlinger Associates Inc Weidlinger Associates Inc www.wai www. wai.com .com
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