Hazard 17: Personal Hygiene, Sanitation and Drainage Healthy Home Rating System (HHRS) 2015 1
Description of the Hazard • This category covers threats infections and threats to mental health associated with personal hygiene. • It includes personal washing and clothes washing facilities, sanitation and drainage. • It does not include problems with pest associated with defective drainage facilities. • The most vulnerable age group is all persons under age 5 years of age. • Guidance manual, p. 116 2015 2
Health Effects • Gastro-intestinal illnesses and rare skin infections are both related to poor personal hygiene and poor sanitation. • Illnesses resulting from gastro-intestinal infection can range from mild stomach upsets through to death from diarrheal and gastro-intestinal disease, and severe dysentery, and gastro- enteritis. • Between 2,000 and 20,000 cases of dysentery are documented each year and in excess of 80,000 cases of viral gastro-enteritis. 2015 3
Health Effects • Dysentery and rotavirus infections are frequent causes of diarrhea carried by the fecal-oral route. • Even if the illness is contracted somewhere other than the residence up to 50% of family members may become infected if the hygiene levels are poor. 2015 4
Potential for Harm • Although not a direct cause of physical illness the following list can be a cause of stress and depression – odors associated with poor hygiene – the visual appearance of facilities which are difficult to clean or have stained surfaces – damaged decoration and furnishings resulting from splashing or leaking appliances or drainage • This is particularly the case where the occupant is renting and where facilities are shared. • As well as causing anxiety and depression, it can also cause tension between people sharing facilities. 2015 5
Potential for Harm • The highest risk groups are the very young (0- 4), the elderly and the immunocompromised. • Those in houses in multiple occupation with shared personal hygiene and sanitary facilities are at increased risk, as are low socio- economic groups. 2015 6
Relevant Matters Affecting Likelihood and Harm Outcome • Personal hygiene – Lack of sufficient and/or appropriately sited baths or showers and wash hand basins for the number of occupants or potential occupants. – Inadequate supplies of hot and cold water to each bath, shower, and wash hand. – The lack of a kitchen sink for each household with separate supplies of cold and hot water. 2012 7 2015 7
Relevant Matters Affecting Likelihood and Harm Outcome – The lack of sufficient and/or appropriately sited facilities in the dwelling or building. – Disrepair or defects to, or associated with, a bath, shower, wash hand basin, hot or cold water supply, sink or clothes drying facility – Inadequate lighting to the room containing the personal washing facilities – Personal hygiene facilities shared by more than one household. 2012 8 2015 8
Relevant Matters Affecting Likelihood and Harm Outcome • Sanitation facilities – None or an obsolete means for the sanitary collection and removal of human excreta from the dwelling. – Inappropriate or inconvenient location as well as an insufficient number of sanitary closets (bathrooms) for the number of occupants. – Disrepair to bathrooms, inadequate supply of water to the toilet as well as an defective mechanism to the toilet. 2012 9 2015 9
Relevant Matters Affecting Likelihood and Harm Outcome – Missing or non-impervious seat and/or lid to a bathroom. – Ventilation to bathroom, inadequate lighting, missing or defective door to the bathroom. – Unhygienic compartment- defective design, construction and/or maintenance of the surfaces to the walls and floor of the compartment resulting in them not being capable of being kept clean and hygienic. – Lack of a wash basin in the room, compartment or immediately adjacent room. 2012 10 2015 10
Relevant Matters Affecting Likelihood and Harm Outcome • Drainage – The lack of an adequately sized soil or waste pipe connected to a water-using facility able to carry foul or waste water safely to the drainage system. – Defects to a soil or waste pipe serving a water using facility. – The lack or disrepair of a trap and water seal. – Inadequate ventilation to a soil or waste pipe. 2012 11 2015 11
Relevant Matters Affecting Likelihood and Harm Outcome – Defects to the foul or waste water drainage systems – Missing or defective private foul sewage treatment system or private foul sewage storage – Inadequate or defective drainage. 2012 12 2015 12
Healthy Home Rating System Project Leadership Lyke Thompson Carrie Beth Lasley Angie Sarb David Ormandy Director Research Associate Research Assistant Professorial Fellow CUS/WSU CUS/WSU CUS/WSU University of Warwick (313) 577-5209 (313) 577-9280 (313) 577-8911 +44 (0) 76524 936 ad5122@wayne.edu cblasley@wayne.edu angie.sarb@wayne.edu david.ormandy@warwick.ac.uk 2015 13
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