Russian Academy of Sciences A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Laboratory of Mathematical Ecology Leonid L. Golubyatnikov ESTIMATING CARBON FLUX FROM THE SOIL USING LIFE-CYCLE MODEL OF TERRESTRIAL CARBON EXCHANGE ENVIROMIS-2010 Tomsk, Russia, 05 – 11 July, 2010
The aim of our research is to develop a method which permit to evaluate annual carbon flux from soil for a given territory .
WHAT IS A SOIL RES ESPIRATION ? CO 2 emission from soil surface is an amount CO t of CO 2 produced by living roots ts, soil fauna, an and s d soil oil microorga mi gani nisms. sms. Contr tributi tion to to th the soil respirati tion ( Kudeyarov et t al., 2006 ): ): living roots ts – – 33% s soil m oil microorg icroorgan anis isms (em (emis ission ion f from rom dead dead phyto tomass – – mortm tmass) – – 54% s soil m oil microorg icroorgan anis isms (emis (em ission ion f from rom org organ anic ic matte tter in soil – – humus) – – 13%
BASIC STRUCTURE E OF TER ERRES ESTRIAL CARBON CYC YCLE E MODEL DEL F E Atmosphere dB C(t) F F = − P L F P dt F D dD Living Phytomass F F = − L D B(t) dt F L dC F F F = − + + P D E Dead Organic dt Matter D(t) Flows: F P – production of organic matter F L – litter fall F D – decomposition of dead organic matter F E – anthropogenic emission of carbon
LIFE- E-CYC YCLE E MODEL DEL OF OF TERRESTRIAL CARBON EXC EXCHANGE B ( τ t , ) – phytomass for "age" τ at time instant t (in carbon units) B ( t , ) τ – photosynthetic (green) phytomass 1 B ( t , ) – perennial phytomass (stems, branches, etc.) τ 2 B ( t , ) τ – root (underground) phytomass 3
LIFE- E-CYC YCLE E MODEL DEL OF OF TERRESTRIAL CARBON EXC EXCHANGE B ( τ t , ) – phytomass for "age" τ at time instant t τ * b τ τ living dead phytomass organic matter in soil phytomass (mortmass) (humus) L(t) M(t) D(t)
LIFE- E-CYC YCLE E MODEL DEL OF OF TERRESTRIAL CARBON EXC EXCHANGE B ( τ t , ) – phytomass for "age" τ at time moment t in carbon units : B ( t , ) B ( t , ) τ – photosynthetic phytomass τ – perennial phytomass 1 2 B ( t , ) τ – root phytomass 3 τ b * τ τ living dead phytomass organic matter in soil phytomass (mortmass) (humus) L(t) M(t) D(t) b * τ τ 3 3 i i L ( t ) B ( t , ) d M ( t ) B ( t , ) d ∑ ∫ ∑ ∫ = τ τ = τ τ i i i 1 0 i 1 = b = τ i 3 ∞ D ( t ) B ( t , ) d ∑ ∫ = τ τ i i 1 * = τ i
LIFE- E-CYC YCLE E MODEL DEL OF TER ERRES ESTRIAL CARBON EXC EXCHANGE B B ∂ ∂ i i d ( ) B q ( ) B Conservation law : + = − τ − τ i i i t ∂ ∂τ Decay coefficient : Abiotic loss coefficient : Boundary conditions : b 0 , if ⎧ τ < τ B ( t , 0 ) p P ( t ) i b = 0 , if ⎧ τ < τ ⎪ i i b * i d ( ) , if q ( ) τ = µ τ ≤ τ < τ τ = ⎨ ⎨ i i i i b P(t) - NPP q , if τ ≥ τ ⎪ * ⎩ , if i η τ ≥ τ p i - part of i komponent i ⎩ Function for NPP : P , if t t - parameter determining atmospheric carbon < λ ⎧ 0 0 P ( t ) = impact on plant ⎨ ( t t ) λ − - beginning of the industrial era P e , if t t t ≥ 0 ⎩ 0 0 0
CARBON FLUX FROM DEAD ORGANIC MATTER Carbon emission from dead phytomass (mortmass): * τ 3 i ' b ( ) W ( t ) p P ( t ) e − µ τ − τ d ∑ = µ ∫ − τ i i τ 1 i i i 1 b = τ i Carbon emission from organic matter in soil ( humus): 3 ∞ ' * b ' * ( ) ( ) W ( t ) p e P ( t ) e d − µ τ − τ − η τ − τ ∑ = η ∫ − τ τ i i i i 2 i i 1 * = τ i µ ' q = µ + i i η ' q = η +
Ecosystems of the European Territory of Russia Tundra Taiga forest Broadleaved forest Meadow steppe True steppe Semi-desert
Verification of the Model for ETR Ecosystems Mortmass, kgC/m 2 Humus, kgC/m 2 28.9 28.8 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.2 21.2 20.5 17.8 17.6 14.2 14.0 0.7 0.7 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 Meadow True Semi Taiga Broadleaved Tundra steppe steppe desert forest forest empirical data ( Bazilevich, 1993; Orlov et al., 1996 ) model result
Estimations of Carbon Emission from Humus for ETR Ecosystems 49 49 46 46 45 45 42 42 41 41 g C / m 2 per year 36 36 35 35 32 32 30 30 27 27 18 18 17 17 14 14 13 13 10 10 5 4 2 Taiga Broadleaved Meadow True Semi Tundra forest forest steppe steppe desert result obtained by Svirezhev et al. (1997) result obtained by Kudeyarov (2006) model result
Estimations of Carbon Emission from Humus for ETR Ecosystems 84 128 109 Mt C per year result obtained by Svirezhev et al. (1997) result obtained by Kudeyarov (2006) model result
Estimations of Carbon Emission from Mortmass for ETR Ecosystems 374 37 35 354 338 33 335 33 327 32 g C / m 2 per year 295 29 21 214 20 203 16 162 148 14 51 51 43 43 Taiga Broadleaved Meadow True Semi Tundra forest forest steppe steppe desert result obtained by Kudeyarov (2006) model result
Estimations of Carbon Emission from Mortmass for ETR Ecosystems 743 772 Mt C per year result obtained by Kudeyarov (2006) model result
Estimations of Carbon Emission from Living Roots for ETR Ecosystems 440 435 Mt C per year result obtained by Kudeyarov (2006) model result
CONCLUSIONS The suggested model permits us to evaluate the soil respiration of the territory under study. The annual carbon flux from soil for European territory of Russia is evaluated as 1.3 Gt C.
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