Children on Social Media: Risks, Benefits and Filters Beatrice Hayes Dr Dawn Watling, Dr Alana James, Prof Ravinder Barn
Introduction Children on Impact on Risks & Benefits Social Media Schools Adolescent Implications Child Study Study
Children on Social Media Adolescents Children (12-15) (8-11) (5-7) Social media profile 18% 4% 69% Interacting on YouTube 89% 77% 70%
Risks & Benefits Self-presentation Self-esteem Social capital Cyberbullying Safe place to Trialling out Platform to develop express self, receive different sides to social capital; positive feedback = self. reduces barriers. enhanced self- esteem. Seeking support Exposes the self to Could potentially online can lead to Presenting a false negative feedback increase withdrawal being victimized. image of the self. on a grander scale = from the real world; Online disinhibition reduced self- can increase = greater likelihood esteem. negative exposure. to perpetrate. Parker & Gottman (1989) Robins & Trzesniewski (2005) Livingstone (2014) Helliwell & Putnam (2004) Ellison, Heino & Gibbs (2006) Steinfield, Ellison & Lampe Barnes (2006) Zakin (1983) Binder, Howes & Sutcliffe (2008) Randovic et al (2017) Boase et al (2006) (2009) Forest & Wood (2012) Chen & Lee (2013) Naslund et al (2014) Shensa et al (2016) Burke (2011) Low & Espelage (2013) Baek, Bae & Jang (2013) Burnette et al (2017)
Impact on Schools
Impact on Schools “…year 5 and 6 class “…put it into a news report or an argument had their own blog “I did get the and then they’d upload it onto Facebook for and they posted idea of parents to see. But because they know that work and then making Harry their mums are going to see it, it makes their other schools would Potter wands work a little bit better I suppose rather than come and like from just keeping it written down in a book, they comment on it and YouTube” can turn it into some form of script that they give feedback and can then be proud of” things and that was really nice” “…they were doing, I don’t know…The BFG…you would do your work and then you “…for example one of the children would take photos of it, upload it and then you had put on, “don’t forget we need this would @ whoever well…it’s not gonna be for the trip tomorrow,” so they’ve Roald Dahl… [laughs] R: From the grave. kind of communicated to them as, as [laughs] P: Yeah well you know what I mean like, so like “ooh don’t forget your like you’d do something like some sketches pocket money for the trip,” so they and then @QuentinBlake , “what do you think can communicate things about school of these?” really in a positive way”
Adolescent Study • 424 participants – 51.4% female; 46.9% male ( M = 13.92, SD = 1.35). • Average 3 accounts per participant. 85% 78% 7% 36%
Adolescent Study Females Males M (SD) M (SD) Privacy 2.6 (.96) 2.26 (.97) Over disclosure 2.62 (1.04) 2.16 (.99) Addiction 2.67 (1.1) 2.24 (1.08) Only ‘slightly’ or ‘somewhat’ concerned.
Mean number of items categorised 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 Adolescent Study Social capital Self-esteem Self-presentation Factors Disclosure to friends Disclosure to family
Child Study • 901 participants – 51.3% male; 48.4% female (aged between 7 & 12). • 7 schools (Surrey, Essex, Norwich, Stoke-on-Trent, Sheffield). • 48% reported accessing an SNS account: 20.8% 25.2% 32% 4.8%
Child Study Self- Social Capital presentation Self-disclosure Self-esteem Cyberbullying victimization and perpetration
Child Study “Well it’s like easy to communicate to “you get to chat your friends, so you can always stay in to your friends touch, like there’s this girl called whenever you erm …[name], she left the school a want” couple of months ago and I got her number so I can still message her and…yeah you can still stay in touch “Yeah, it’s easy to even if you don’t see them anymore” just like make group chats and like chat to your friends” “They normally do it [talk to friends] at night when “Cos like you can they’re not allowed out. just tap out some [laughs] P: Cos if they words and press aren’t in at…at the right send, it’s not…it’s time, they get grounded” not hard to say anything really”
Implications • More children are online than reports suggest. • Image- based “play” inspired SNS are increasing in popularity. • Social capital is very important to both children and adolescents. • Self-presentation is also highly valued. • Networking • Cyberbullying. online. • Arguments online • Strengthening transferring into friendships. the real-world. • Form new • Trolling, friendships/get to catfishing. know others • Permanency. better. • Disengaging with • Connecting across real-world. the world.
Thank You! beatrice.hayes.2017@live.rhul.ac.uk @_beatricehayes Dr Dawn Watling dawn.watling@rhul.ac.uk Dr Alana James a.i.james@reading.ac.uk Prof Ravinder Barn r.barn@rhul.ac.uk
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