Republic of Montenegro University of Montenegro Gordana Laštovi č ka-Medin Time and Matter 2007 26-31 August, Bled, Slovenia
Montenegro history Montenegro history • Name: reflects an adoption of the • Name: reflects an adoption of the Venetian Venetian term term monte negro negro , also meaning "black mountain", , also meaning "black mountain", monte which probably dates back to the era of which probably dates back to the era of Venetian hegemony hegemony over the area in the Middle over the area in the Middle Venetian Ages. Ages. Lord Byron wrote: “At the moment of the creation of our planet, the most beautiful merging of land and sea occurred at the Montenegrin seaside... when the pearls of nature were sworn, an abundance of them were strewn all over this area…” Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 2 2 Gordana La č ka
MONTENEGRO Basic data • Area: 13,812 km² • Population: 620,000 • Constitution: Parliamentary democracy • Capital: Podgorica (population 152,025) • GDP: 1,475 M€ • Population density: 45 per km² Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 3 3 Gordana La č ka
About Montenegro - - Geography Geography About Montenegro Situated in the Mediterranean, on the South Adriatic Sea; ■ Its surface area is 13,812 square kilometers (Sicily is 25,460 square kilometers, Cyprus is 9,251 square kilometers); Luštica ■ The capital is Podgorica (formerly Titograd) with approximately 200,000 inhabitants; ■ By its geographical position, Montenegro belongs to the central Mediterranean that is Southern Europe. Landscape, Skadar Lake Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 4 4 Gordana La č ka
About Montenegro - - Geography Geography About Montenegro The two furthermost points of the country are only 190 km apart from each other in a straight line, but between them the northbound air streams of Africa meet the southbound Rivers Moraca and Ribnica , Podgorica from the Polar circle. ■ The distance between the Montenegrin capital Podgorica and Rome is around 500 km by air, from Paris and Berlin it is around 1,500 km, from Moscow almost 2,000 km, and 7,500 km from New York. Highest peak, Durmitor Mount Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 5 5 Gordana La č ka
About Montenegro - - Climate Climate About Montenegro Montenegro has a diverse Climate. The South part is characterized by Mediterranean climate with long, hot and dry summers, and gentle rainy winters. The Central and northern part is characterized by mountain Climate. Landscape, Durmitor Mount The North part is characterized by continental climate, with small, considerably equilibrated quantities of rainfalls, and great daily and yearly amplitudes of temperature. ■ Average temperature of the air is 27.4 ° C in the summer and 13.4 ° C in the winter. ■ 180 average sunny days per Mamula I sland Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 6 6 Gordana La č ka
About Montenegro - - nature nature About Montenegro ■ Although small in area, nature has produced here unique contrasts - the quality and diversity of its natural and anthropological values, makes it one of the most attractive regions in the Mediterranean. ■ Captain Jacque Cousteau, who investigated the pollution in the Mediterranean with his scientific team, described the Montenegrin coast the cleanest in the Mediterranean – no industrial polluters along the coast of Sveti Stefan Montenegro. Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 7 7 Gordana La č ka
About Montenegro - - Nature Nature About Montenegro Over a span of only 100 km in a straight line, three natural environments are distinguishable: the seaside, the karstic field zone and the high mountain region - the tourist has the possibility of taking a swim in the lakes or in the sea, rafting down the river and skiing on the mountain slopes - all in a day; ■ The Parliament of Montenegro, in 1991, adopted the Declaration whereby Rijeka Crnojevica Montenegro got proclaimed the first ecological state in the worl Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 8 8 Gordana La č ka
About Montenegro - - Nature Nature About Montenegro A most attractive resource is the more than 290 km long coastline, with a multitude of beaches and inlets. � The beaches are of extreme quality and many of them have been classified with the highest of grade and among the most beautiful in the Mediterranean; ■ The seaside is a very narrow strip of land (2-10 km wide), separated from the inland by high and steep limestone Skadar Lake mountains of Rumija, Sutorman, Orjen, and Lovcen. Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 9 9 Gordana La č ka
About Montenegro - - Nature Nature About Montenegro The width of the Adriatic Sea is greatest between Montenegro and Southern Italy (around 200 km), and that part of the Adriatic is at the same time the deepest (greatest depth is 1.330 m at the point 120 km south-west of the Bay of Kotor). ■ An abundance of underwater caves, shipwrecks, cliffs and rich marine life (some of it rare) make Montenegro a scuba diving heaven. Perast (Bay of Kotor ) ■ There are 40 lakes in Montenegro and its rivers have still remained the purest of Europe's. Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 10 10 Gordana La č ka
About Montenegro – – Nature Nature About Montenegro Tara is the longest Mountain river in Montenegro (150 km). The canyon of the river is about 80 km long cut between the mountains of Sinjajevina and Durmitor, the average depth is about 1.000m, near the town of Obzir it reaches a depth of 1.300m which makes it the deepest and longest canyon of the world after the Grand Canyon of Colorado. ■ Eighty percent of the territory is comprised of forests, natural pasturelands and meadows Tara Canyon Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 11 11 Gordana La č ka
About Montenegro - - Nature Nature About Montenegro A total of 2.833 plant species, many of them unique, grow here which makes up nearly a quarter of the entire European flora! All that in a mere 0.14% of the Skadar Lake continents territory. ■ The entire northern part of Montenegro is literally an oasis of untouched nature which is waiting to be explored. ■ There is maybe no other country in Europe where the nature lover can enjoy so many activities at a most diverse morphological environment, i.e. rafting, fishing, climbing, hunting, hiking, canoeing, skiing, etc. Black Lake Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 12 12 Gordana La č ka
About Montenegro - - Nature Nature About Montenegro Four national parks and a number of other places of flora and fauna, many of which are protected by UNESCO, cover almost 1/3 of the territory. ■ In only the Biogradska Gora National Park there are 86 kinds of trees and probably the only virgin forest in Europe – with trees over 500 years old. Biogradska Gora Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 13 13 Gordana La č ka
About Montenegro- - People People About Montenegro The population of Montenegro is 620,000 (2003). ■ The language spoken is Serbian although with its own Montenegrin dialect. ■ It is a multi-ethnic and multi- confessional Community (majority Christian orthodox, the rest are Islamic, Roman Catholic, Jewish, Protestant and other). ■ Montenegro's traditional culture revolves around clans, groups of patriarchal related families that at one time maintained tribal identities on their own traditional Montenegrins in ethnic costumes territories. Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 14 14 Gordana La č ka
About Montenegro - - People People About Montenegro Habits, customs, values and morality form a unique life philosophy – family brotherhood, tribe and the whole state upheld the military/proud spirit of the time. ■ Renowned about their bravery forced Giuseppe Garibaldi to state: "Montenegro undoubtedly takes one of the first places; the legendary heroism of its people brings A "gusle" player honor to mankind“ . Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 15 15 Gordana La č ka
About Montenegro – – History and Culture History and Culture About Montenegro Montenegrins have accumulated a rich cultural and historical heritage, which dates from the pre-Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque periods. ■ Montenegro has been influenced by both eastern and western civilizations – whether these were Greeks, Illyrians, or Romans, Byzantines, Venetian, Slavs, Austro-Hungarians or Ottomans, they all left their mark forming a most interesting multicultural society. Ste ć ak Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 16 16 Gordana La č ka
About Montenegro – – About Montenegro History and Culture History and Culture T he historical roots of Montenegro lie in the arrival of the Slavs in the Balkans in the 7th century AD. ■ Earlier, during the period of the Roman Empire the area of present Montenegro greatly overlapped with the territory of Prevalitana; later called Duklia established by the Byzantines. ■ From the 11th century on, it was called "Zeta", which was first ruled by the Balši ć dynasty Church door in Kotor Old Town Church door in Kotor Old Town and later by the Crnoievi ć Gordana Laš štovi tovi č ka- -Medin Medin 17 17 Gordana La č ka
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