REPUBLI C OF REPUBLI C OF SERBI A SERBI A CASE CASE PRESENTATI ON PRESENTATI ON ON ERW ON ERW
I NTRODUCTI ON I NTRODUCTI ON CONVENTIONS AND PROTOCOLS RELATED TO CONVENTIONS AND PROTOCOLS RELATED TO WEAPONS: WEAPONS: Geneva Gas Protocol 1925 � Geneva Gas Protocol 1925 � BWC 1972 � BWC 1972 � CCW 1980 � CCW 1980 � CCW Protocol I 1980 � CCW Protocol I 1980 � CCW Protocol II 1980 � CCW Protocol II 1980 � CCW Protocol III 1980 � CCW Protocol III 1980 � CCW Protocol IV 1995 � CCW Protocol IV 1995 � CCW Amdt Amdt 2001 2001 � CCW � CWC 1993 � CWC 1993 � Ottawa Treaty 1997 � Ottawa Treaty 1997 �
I NTRODUCTI ON I NTRODUCTI ON CCW PROTOCOL V ON CCW PROTOCOL V ON EXPLOSI VE REMNANTS OF EXPLOSI VE REMNANTS OF WAR WAR � Under ratification procedure Under ratification procedure �
I NTRODUCTI ON I NTRODUCTI ON Law on CCW Protocol V ratification goals: � Legal issues will be regulated � Credibility of Republic of Serbia in international community will be increased � Risks and threats of ERW will be decreased � Possibility to use international funds will be increased
CONTAMI NATI ON CONTAMI NATI ON EXTENSI ON EXTENSI ON Several Wars were waged in XX century: Several Wars were waged in XX century: � The Balkan Wars The Balkan Wars � � The First World War The First World War � � The Second World War The Second World War � � NATO intervention NATO intervention �
CONTAMI NATI ON CONTAMI NATI ON EXTENSI ON EXTENSI ON � Great quantity of explosive remnants Great quantity of explosive remnants � of war (ERW) of war (ERW) � Different construction, size, origin Different construction, size, origin � � Unexploded cluster Unexploded cluster bomblets bomblets and and � aerial bombs aerial bombs � Ammunition depots explosion Ammunition depots explosion �
CONTAMI NATI ON CONTAMI NATI ON EXTENSI ON EXTENSI ON ERW ERW � poses immediate threat for population poses immediate threat for population � and environment and environment � slow down construction works slow down construction works � � make impossible exploitation of make impossible exploitation of � cultivable land cultivable land � may cause certain legal and political may cause certain legal and political � problems problems
CONTAMI NATI ON CONTAMI NATI ON EXTENSI ON EXTENSI ON The extent of ERW contamination has The extent of ERW contamination has not been precisely determined yet not been precisely determined yet It is necessary to develop: It is necessary to develop: � General Study of ERW contamination General Study of ERW contamination � � Technical Study for each Technical Study for each microlocation microlocation � contaminated with ERW contaminated with ERW
CONTAMI NATI ON CONTAMI NATI ON EXTENSI ON EXTENSI ON Based on type and period Based on type and period of occurrence as well as of occurrence as well as the threat level we the threat level we divided ERW into the divided ERW into the following categories: following categories:
CONTAMI NATI ON CONTAMI NATI ON EXTENSI ON EXTENSI ON REPUBLIC OF SERBIA CLUSTER BOMBS CLUSTER BOMBS 1. 1. Cluster bombs location map 30,000,000 square 30,000,000 square � � meters meters contaminated contaminated Several dozens of Several dozens of � � civil and military civil and military micro locations micro locations General Survey of General Survey of � � civil locations in civil locations in 2008 2008
CONTAMI NATI ON CONTAMI NATI ON EXTENSI ON EXTENSI ON � After NATO bombing specialized Teams After NATO bombing specialized Teams � from SAF, Ministry of Interior and Ministry from SAF, Ministry of Interior and Ministry of Defence Defence removed and destroyed removed and destroyed of unexploded cluster munitions from ground unexploded cluster munitions from ground surface on almost all contaminated locations surface on almost all contaminated locations � NGO NPA has finished General Survey of NGO NPA has finished General Survey of � civil locations in 2008 and published the civil locations in 2008 and published the results results � General Survey of military locations has not General Survey of military locations has not � been conducted yet been conducted yet
CONTAMI NATI ON CONTAMI NATI ON EXTENSI ON EXTENSI ON REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AREIAL BOMBS AREIAL BOMBS Aerial bombs location map 2. 2. AND PROJECTILS AND PROJECTILS Over 123 Over 123 � � unexploded aerial unexploded aerial bombs bombs Over 100 civil and Over 100 civil and � � military locations military locations No survey has No survey has � � been done been done
CONTAMI NATI ON CONTAMI NATI ON EXTENSI ON EXTENSI ON � After NATO bombing specialized Teams After NATO bombing specialized Teams � from SAF and Ministry of Defence Defence dig, dig, from SAF and Ministry of deactivated, removed and destroyed over deactivated, removed and destroyed over than 120 unexploded bombs from NATO than 120 unexploded bombs from NATO bombing on 53 civil and military locations bombing on 53 civil and military locations � Specialized Teams from Ministry of Specialized Teams from Ministry of Defence Defence � neutralized 19 aerial bombs from WWII neutralized 19 aerial bombs from WWII
CONTAMI NATI ON CONTAMI NATI ON EXTENSI ON EXTENSI ON REPUBLIC OF SERBIA AMMUNITION AMMUNITION Ammo depots location map 3. 3. DEPOTS DEPOTS EXPLOSION EXPLOSION 23.000.000 square 23.000.000 square � � meters meters contaminated contaminated 12 locations 12 locations � �
CONTAMI NATI ON CONTAMI NATI ON EXTENSI ON EXTENSI ON � Specialized Teams from SAF and Ministry of Specialized Teams from SAF and Ministry of � Defence removed and destroyed over removed and destroyed over Defence 130.000 pieces of UXO so far 130.000 pieces of UXO so far � In In Paracin Paracin Municipality, after big explosion Municipality, after big explosion � of ammo depot, specialized Teams from SAF of ammo depot, specialized Teams from SAF cleaned ground surface and conducted cleaned ground surface and conducted underground searching on over than underground searching on over than 1.000.000 square meters 1.000.000 square meters � Russian Agency Russian Agency “ “EMERCOM EMERCOM” ” has started has started � underground searching in April 2009 underground searching in April 2009
CONTAMI NATI ON CONTAMI NATI ON EXTENSI ON EXTENSI ON REPUBLIC OF SERBIA COMBAT ACTIVITIES COMBAT ACTIVITIES 4. Combat act. location map 4. IN WWI AND WWII IN WWI AND WWII Locations � Locations � contaminated with contaminated with UXO and AXO from UXO and AXO from large combat large combat activities during WWI activities during WWI and WWII and WWII No survey has been No survey has been � � done done
CONTAMI NATI ON CONTAMI NATI ON EXTENSI ON EXTENSI ON WATER COURSES AND LAKES WATER COURSES AND LAKES 5. 5. Different categories of ERW from WWII and � Different categories of ERW from WWII and � NATO bombing NATO bombing No General Survey has been done No General Survey has been done � � In the Danube River 7 aerial bombs and In the Danube River 7 aerial bombs and � � projectiles have been found after NATO bombing projectiles have been found after NATO bombing 6,000,000 EUR from European Agency for � 6,000,000 EUR from European Agency for � Reconstruction for Survey and neutralization of Reconstruction for Survey and neutralization of ERW on 12 locations in the Danube River ERW on 12 locations in the Danube River
I NSTI TUTI ONAL I NSTI TUTI ONAL SET UP SET UP Responsibility for solving ERW problems lies Responsibility for solving ERW problems lies with Ministry of Defence Defence. The obligations by . The obligations by with Ministry of law are fulfilled in cooperation with law are fulfilled in cooperation with following units of Ministry and the following units of Ministry and the institutions of Republic of Serbia: institutions of Republic of Serbia: � MoD MoD Department for Emergency Situations Department for Emergency Situations � � SAF SAF � � Mine Action Centre Mine Action Centre � � Domestic and foreign commercial companies Domestic and foreign commercial companies �
I NSTI TUTI ONAL I NSTI TUTI ONAL SET UP SET UP All tasks related to ERW are being done All tasks related to ERW are being done under: under: � Defence Defence Act of the Republic of Serbia Act of the Republic of Serbia � � International Standards International Standards � � Military Standards and Manuals Military Standards and Manuals �
I NSTI TUTI ONAL I NSTI TUTI ONAL SET UP SET UP National Standards have not been National Standards have not been developed yet developed yet After the National Standards are After the National Standards are developed precise strategy, developed precise strategy, procedures and competences will be procedures and competences will be set up set up
CLEREANCE CLEREANCE Operational capacities for ERW Operational capacities for ERW clearance: clearance: � MoD MoD specialized Teams specialized Teams � � SAF specialized Teams SAF specialized Teams � � Commercial companies registered for Commercial companies registered for � humanitarian demining demining humanitarian
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