European Economic and Social Committee “Recent evolutions of the social economy in the European Union” . Brussels, 6th june 2017 Recent evolutions of the social economy in the European Union José Luís MONZON & Rafael CHAVES CIRIEC – INTERNATIONAL www.ciriec.ulg.ac.be Centre international de recherches et d'information sur l'économie publique, sociale et coopérative
ry OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION • Background of the CIRIEC’s Study • Objectives and methodology • The SE contrasting emergent concepts • The public policies towards the SE • Main figures on European SE. The statistic challenge 08/06/2017
BACKGROUND 2008: Study of CIRIEC-International “ The Social Economy in the European Union” 2012: Study of CIRIEC-International “ The Social Economy in the European Union” 2000: Study of CIRIEC- International “ The enterprises and organizations of the third system (SE) in the European Union” , European Commission - DGV (15 Countries)
2008: Study of CIRIEC-International “ The Social Economy in the European Union” 2012: Study of CIRIEC-International “ The Social Economy in the European Union”
MAIN OBJETIVES OF THE STUDY 1.- To actualize the study carried in 2012 2.- Analyse new emergent concepts related to the social economy 2.- Provide macro-economic data on the social economy in the 28 Member States 3.- To analyze the recent public policies towards the social economy deployed in recent period at European, national and regional level
METHOD - A partnership between CIRIEC-International and Social Economy Europe. - Report has been directed by Prof. Dr. José Luis Monzón & Prof. Dr. Rafael Chaves Advised by a Committee of Experts (N.Richez – France-, A.Zevi – - Italy-, C.Barna – Romania, R.Spear – U. Kingdom-, G.Hahn – Sweden-, J.DeSa – Portugal-, M.Bouchard – Canada-). Specific chapters by M.Bouchard and G.Fajardo on Statistic methods and Laws on SE - Colaboration of our network of national correspondents (89) - Colaboration of the members of the EESC - Colaboration of the CIRIEC staff - Empirical data based on a Questionnaire ad hoc, information from national experts and secundary sources of information - Discussion of the work schedule, methodology, intermediary report and proposed final Report
WORKING DEFINITION OF THE SOCIAL ECONOMY: “The set of private, formally -organised enterprises, with autonomy of decision and freedom of membership, created to meet their members’ needs through the market by producing goods and providing services, insurance and finance, where decision-making and any distribution of profits or surpluses among the members are not directly linked to the capital or fees contributed by each member, each of whom has one vote. The Social Economy also includes private, formally-organised organisations with autonomy of decision and freedom of membership that produce non-market services for households and whose surpluses, if any, cannot be appropriated by the economic agents that create, control or finance them ”
Shared features of the Social Economy: 1) They are private; 2) They are formally-organised; 3) They have autonomy of decision, meaning that they have full capacity to choose and dismiss their governing bodies and to control all their activities; 4) They have freedom of membership; 5) Any distribution of profits or surpluses among the user members, should it arise, is not proportional to the capital or to the fees contributed by the members but to their activities or transactions with the organisation. 6) They pursue an economic activity in its own right, to meet the needs of persons, households or families. 7) They are democratic organisations.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface 1. Introduction and objectives 2. The social economy concept and the main theoretical approaches related it 3. The social economy and related emergent concepts in Europe 4. Public policies towards the social sconomy at the European level in the recent period (2010-16) 5. Public policies towards the social economy at the national and regional level in Europe in the recent period (2010-16) 6. A comparative analysis of the new national legislation on the social economy in Europe 7. The weight of the social economy in the 28 EU Member States 8. Methods and indicators to evaluate the social economy and its impact 9. Conclusions Bibliography Appendix 1.2.3. Correspondents. Questionnaires per country. Glossary
SECTION 1 2. The social economy concept and the main theoretical approaches related it 3. The social economy and related emergent concepts in Europe
- THE NON-PROFIT ORGANISATION APPROACH THE NON-PROFIT ORGANISATION (NPO) CONCEPT The five Key criteria in the structural-operational definition: 1) Organisations , i.e. they have an institutional structure and presence. They are usually legal persons. 2) Private , i.e. institutionally separate from government, although they may receive public funding and may have public officials on their governing bodies.
THE NON-PROFIT ORGANISATION (NPO) CONCEPT 3) Self-governing , i.e. able to control their own activities and free to select and dismiss their governing bodies. 4) Non-profit distributing . Non-profit organisations may make profits but these must be ploughed back into the organisation's main mission and not distributed to the owners, founder members or governing bodies of the organisation. With voluntary participation , which means two things: firstly, that 5) membership is not compulsory or legally imposed and secondly, that they must have volunteers participating in their activities or management.
- THE SOLIDARITY ECONOMY APPROACH - OTHER APPROACHES - RESEMBLANCES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THESE APPROACHES AND THE SOCIAL ECONOMY CONCEPT: • SOCIAL ECONOMY AND SOLIDARITY ECONOMY • SOCIAL ECONOMY AND NON PROFIT ORGANISATION: a) The non-profit criterion b) The democratic criterion c) The criterion of serving people
SOCIAL ENTERPRISES, SOCIAL ENTREPRENEUR AND SOCIAL INNOVATION - A Social Enterprise is an operator in the social economy (COM/2011/0682 final): Despite their wide variety, social enterprises share at least four common features: • A social or societal objective • Entrepreneurial behavior • Democratic and/or participatory governance • Reinvestment of profits General report GECES (2016)
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- Collaborative economy and the social economy - The economy for the common good and the social economy - The circular economy and social economy - Corporate social responsibility, corporate citizenship and the social economy
The ‘fields’ of the Social Economy / Social enterprises Social Economy Social enterprises (continental approach) Social enterprises (angloamerican approach)
Graf. 1. National acceptation of the concept of “Social Economy” and other concepts Social Economy + España France Portugal Ireland Italia Belgique Malta Sweeden Letonia Polska Osterreich Greece Finland Slovenia Denmark Estonia Deutschland United Kingdom Hungary Latva Chequia The Netherlands + Other concepts: Social enterprises, Nonprofit sector, Third sector
SECTION 2 4. Public policies towards the social sconomy at the European level in the recent period (2010-16) 5. Public policies towards the social economy at the national and regional level in Europe in the recent period (2010-16) 6. A comparative analysis of the new national legislation on the social economy in Europe A more extended version of this part will be find in the study ‘ Best practices of public policies towards social economy entities », CIRIEC/EESC, 2017, forthcoming.
PUBLIC POLICIES TOWARDS THE SOCIAL ECONOMY AT THE EUROPEAN LEVEL IN THE RECENT PERIOD (2010-16) 1. Rules: statutes and regulatory frameworks Legal forms. Tax treatment. Regulatory frameworks and legal barriers to the development of social economy entities. 2. Government bodies and social dialogue 3. Visibility, training, research and participation of civil society 4. Hard policies: funds and policy field policies The emergence of two new policy fields policy for the European Commission: the social enterprises and the social innovation. Waiting an Action plan to foster social economy in Europe 22
Perception of the impact of the European Policies towards the Social Economy. Examples European Conferences ESF EuSEF EaSI ESIF EFSI LEADER COSME directives / networks Belgium ** * ** * * * * ** ** Bulgaria *** ** *** ** * ** * *** ** Czech R. *** * * ** * * * ** ** Estonia * * * * * ** * * * Finland ** * * * * ** * * ** France ** ** ** * * ** * *** ** Germany ** * ** * * * * * ** Greece (-) * ** * * *** * *** ** Hungary ** * * * * ** * ** ** Italy *** * ** ** * ** * ** *** Poland *** * * * * ** * ** ** Portugal ** * * * * ** * ** ** Romania ** * ** ** * * * * ** Slovakia ** ** *** ** *** ** *** ** ** Slovenia ** * * * * ** ** ** *** Spain ** * * ** * * * ** ** Sweden *** * ** ** * *** * ** ** (-) negative impact / * Not impact at all / ** Moderately positive impact / *** Very positive impact Notes: Questionnaire question: Which European Union policies do you think have had more impact on your country ’ Social Economy during the last decade? 23
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