RailCam By: Chris Perilla, Enrique Hernandez, Dale Mahabir, and Youssef Faltone. 1
Introduction ● People find great comfort in having a security system for their home or business to keep them altered of intrusion. Our product is not like other security systems, it has two major features that separates it from the rest: ○ A rail system with an inductive charging station for one camera to be able to monitor a large area. ○ WiFi communication that allows our camera to send captured images to the end users e-mail allowing for instant and informative intrusion notification. Our project consists of an indoor or outdoor PTZ (Pan Tilt Zoom) night vision capable security camera that ● travels horizontally using a simple rail system alongside an indoor or outdoor wall. It will also store images taken by the camera onto an SD card and transmit the images via WiFi to the end user's email. The system will have a backup 5 V battery, that will be charged wirelessly using inductive charging technology. A solar panel will be used as energy source for the camera system during the day.
Market Analysis/Regulations ● Industry grew from $11.5 billion in 2008 to $37.7 billion in 2015 and growing. ● In 2013 NewYorkTimes poll showed 78% of respondents supported the use of security cameras in public places. ● Beijiayue, a chinese based company, whose railcam system costs $12,000, our only competitor. ● Our system will be affordable to the everyday business/ residential customer ● Surveillance systems most effective near parking lots (crime decreased by 51%) ● Florida Regulations “Summary of statute(s): All parties must consent to the recording or the disclosure of the contents of any wire, oral or electronic communication in Florida. Disclosing communications in violation of the state’s statute is prohibited. Both criminal and civil penalties exist for such infractions. The state’s video voyeurism law bans the secret recording underneath or through the clothing of individuals without their consent, or in areas where they have a reasonable expectation of privacy. - See more at: http://www.rcfp.org/reporters-recording-guide/state-state-guide/florida#sthash.GngGJfFW.dpuf” - State of Florida
Top Level Driving Requirements ● Motion detection using PIR Sensors ● Image comparison ● L293D chip to control the motors ● L317 chip, motor voltage regulator ● Temperature range determined by LM217 ● Constant 5.1V to avoid data loss using Power Boost 1000 shield ● Servo control using pwm ● Offline memory ● Zilu back up Battery: 5 volt, 4400 mAh ● Solar cell 9-12V in 5 V out ● Total current draw at least 2000 mAh ● Inductive charge bases must be 2-3 mm for 500 mAh ● Email notification through Gmail ● Revo 33" Camera Track Slider ● Edimax Wifi Dongle to provide internet connection 18.75 Mbytes/s
Specifications/Power consumption Total power provided P = I*V = (5V)(4.4Ah) = 22Wh Estimated power consumption is 10.4 Wh The above voltage and Amp-Hours are from the data sheet of each component. We will measure these when we start experimenting.
Test cont.
Test cont.
Test cont.
Test/Simulation Plans LTSpice EE Matlab SW 1. Power ratings of all components. 1. Testing the absdiff() using two images 2. Voltage output of components and with one slightly changed to act as capacitor place tuning. motion detection. 3. Delay in voltage regulators Tektronix Oscilloscope Proteus ME 1. Measure the characteristics of our PIR 1. Testing servos and leds to see if sensors. For example field of view, properly functioning. distance, reaction time, delay etc. 2. Testing basic logic between all devices.
PIR sensor view angle We tested the PIR sensor to find its field of view and it was 150 degree all around with a 0-3.3 V output. We may need to control the field of view depending on the distance between them. Delay can be changed using the POTs. Upto 20 feet detection.
Proteus Simulation
Schematic
Memory How much memory? Assumption, every day a stream of pictures is taken.
LM317 A voltage regulator is a microelectronic device that can convert an AC voltage signal into a DC voltage signal. It outputs a stable voltage signal even as the AC voltage crosses zero twice in a cycle. The following circuit diagram is a simple example of how to achieve this.
LM317 The resistor is in parallel with the capacitor, because of this configuration as long as there is a current flowing through the resistor the voltage across the resistor and the capacitor are the same. When the AC voltage crosses zero, the capacitor has a stored voltage, which prevents the output voltage from going to zero. The diode in the circuit prevents the negative voltage half cycle from showing at the output voltage, thus only the positive half cycle is present creating a DC voltage. In our application we are using the voltage regulator to prevent the DC voltage from dropping below 5V.
LM317
LM317
Motor Control This IC chip will allow for the control of a Motor In two directions. When Enable is set to 5 V And Vcc2 is set to 5 V the left side Will be able to control a motor in two directions depending on the Inputs to Input 1 and Input 2 supplied by GPIO pins. Maximum Temp rating is 150°, will need a heat sink to reduce thermal resistance. Required T will need to be 0°C to +50°C . Thermal resistance will need to be 5.6 degrees/Watt to allow for required temperature range.
Controlling Motors Motor control Logic
UPS system (Power Boost 1000C) Main purpose: allows for emergency power to a load when the input power source fails. Outputs 5.2 V instead of 5 V as to allow “headroom” for long cables (long rail system). Contains an internal 4A DC/DC converter switch, TPS61030 boost converter from TI (heart of device). Possible to get 1 A from as low as 1.8 V. Has a LED low battery indicator. Lights up red once the voltage dips below 4.2 V. 90%+ operating efficiency.
Detecting Motion With Camera Matlab Code
Image Subtraction How it works Images can be represented as arrays of values depending on the color stored in the array. If image 1 at time A is converted to an array and image 2 at time B is converted to an array, the differences of the two images can be taken to find locations where the image has changed. Using the index of this we can assigned a PWM wave to move the direct the servos to the desired location with reference to the image. Below is an example using Matrices, a 2 dimensional array.
imabsdiff MatLab simulation
PWM Servos Control Mechanism Servo : Tower Pro SG92R. ● PWM: Pulse width Modulation. ● To control servo and get the desired ● angle we need to set the frequency and the duty cycle. Frequency: f = 1/T ● Duty cycle in general is : “ the proportion ● of time during which a component, device, or system is operated.” To get 0 ° angle we need pulse high for a ● duration of 0.6 ms. To get 180 °, we need 2.4ms.
Servos Control Mechanism To rotate from 0 ° to 180 ° : from the For better control results we choose ● ● starting time is 0.6ms ( offset) to 2.4ms . sending pulse every 10ms( T=10ms ), so (2.4-0.6)/180° = 0.01 ms per degree . our frequency is 100Hz to maintain the ● servo position. PULSE (ms) ANGLE(degree) Duty Cycle Formula: ● 0.6 0 [(target angle x ms per degree)+offset]/period 1.05 45 Example: we want 90° . 1.95 90 [(90x0.01)+0.6]/10 = 0.15 = 15% 1.95 135 2.4 180
High Level System Diagrams (Block Diagram)
High Level System Diagrams (Data Flow)
Other interfaces CSI SPI
Sequence Diagram
High Level System Diagrams (State Transition) Main software sections: Determination of which power ● supply to use. IR sensor and rail servo ● communication. WiFi communication from SD ● card to end user’s e-mail (via DropBox/Google Drive). Camera night vision and auto ● focus (already integrated in camera).
Risk Analysis Inherent: Implementation: Programmatic: ● Funding issues may arise. ● Our budget may be surpassed ● Environmental factors. ● Coding skills. (unlikely). ● Loss of backup battery life, ● Group meeting attendance. ● Very close neighbors may while main power supply is ● Different components working have issues if camera is absent. well with one another. constantly pointed in their ● Transfer of SD card images to ● User’s use of WiFi may hinder direction. DropBox. ● RailCam wireless process may online operation of RailCam. reduce user’s WiFi usage ● Surface must be suitable to place speed when used. rail system on.
Risk Analysis x1: Complexity of project x2: Coding skills being able to fulfill wireless data transfer task.
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