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rs Prt r sr r r SHIQ s tr 1 rt 1 ts s 1 r

  1. ❚♦✇❛r❞s Pr❛❝t✐❝❛❧ ◗✉❡r② ❆♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❍♦r♥✲ SHIQ ❚❤♦♠❛s ❊✐t❡r 1 ▼❛❣❞❛❧❡♥❛ ❖rt✐③ 1 ▼❛♥t❛s ➆✐♠❦✉s 1 ❚r✉♥❣✲❑✐❡♥ ❚r❛♥ 2 ●✉♦❤✉✐ ❳✐❛♦ 1 1 ■♥st✐t✉t❡ ♦❢ ■♥❢♦r♠❛t✐♦♥ ❙②st❡♠s✱ ❱✐❡♥♥❛ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t② ♦❢ ❚❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣② 2 ❙❚❆❘▲❛❜✱ ❱r✐❥❡ ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐t❡✐t ❇r✉ss❡❧ ✷✺t❤ ■♥t❡r♥❛t✐♦♥❛❧ ❲♦r❦s❤♦♣ ♦♥ ❉❡s❝r✐♣t✐♦♥ ▲♦❣✐❝s ✭❉▲ ✷✵✶✷✮ ✶✴✶✽

  2. ❇r❛③✐❧ ❇r❛③✐❧ ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ❇r❛③✐❧ ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ❇r❛③✐❧ ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ❘❡❣✐ã♦❈❡♥tr♦❖❡st❡ ❘❡❣✐ã♦❈❡♥tr♦❖❡st❡ ❇r❛③✐❧ ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ❈◗ ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❍♦r♥✲ SHIQ ✶✳ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ◗✉❡r② ❆♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❉▲s ❖♥t♦❧♦❣② ❇❛s❡❞ ❉❛t❛ ❆❝❝❡ss ✐s ❛ ❦❡② ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❉▲s ❍❡♥❝❡✱ q✉❡r② ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❉▲s ❛ ❝r✉❝✐❛❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t❡ ❛ ❝♦♥❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ q✉❡r② q ♦✈❡r ❛♥ ❆❇♦① A ✱ t❛❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❛❝❝♦✉♥t t❤❡ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ❡①♣r❡ss❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❉▲ ❚❇♦① T ❉▲ ✷✵✶✷ ✷✴✶✽

  3. ❇r❛③✐❧ ❇r❛③✐❧ ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ❇r❛③✐❧ ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ❈◗ ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❍♦r♥✲ SHIQ ✶✳ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ◗✉❡r② ❆♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❉▲s ❖♥t♦❧♦❣② ❇❛s❡❞ ❉❛t❛ ❆❝❝❡ss ✐s ❛ ❦❡② ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❉▲s ❍❡♥❝❡✱ q✉❡r② ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❉▲s ❛ ❝r✉❝✐❛❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t❡ ❛ ❝♦♥❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ q✉❡r② q ♦✈❡r ❛♥ ❆❇♦① A ✱ t❛❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❛❝❝♦✉♥t t❤❡ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ❡①♣r❡ss❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❉▲ ❚❇♦① T hasDevelopedCapital( x ) ← country( x ) , hasCapital( x, y ) , city( y ) , hasHDI( y, high ) A country( ❇r❛③✐❧ ) capital( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ) isLocatedIn( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ , ❘❡❣✐ã♦❈❡♥tr♦❖❡st❡ ) isLocatedIn( ❘❡❣✐ã♦❈❡♥tr♦❖❡st❡ , ❇r❛③✐❧ ) hasHDI( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ , high ) ❉▲ ✷✵✶✷ ✷✴✶✽

  4. ❇r❛③✐❧ ❇r❛③✐❧ ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ❈◗ ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❍♦r♥✲ SHIQ ✶✳ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ◗✉❡r② ❆♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❉▲s ❖♥t♦❧♦❣② ❇❛s❡❞ ❉❛t❛ ❆❝❝❡ss ✐s ❛ ❦❡② ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❉▲s ❍❡♥❝❡✱ q✉❡r② ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❉▲s ❛ ❝r✉❝✐❛❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t❡ ❛ ❝♦♥❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ q✉❡r② q ♦✈❡r ❛♥ ❆❇♦① A ✱ t❛❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❛❝❝♦✉♥t t❤❡ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ❡①♣r❡ss❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❉▲ ❚❇♦① T hasDevelopedCapital( x ) ← country( x ) , hasCapital( x, y ) , city( y ) , hasHDI( y, high ) country( ❇r❛③✐❧ ) hasHDI( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ , high ) A country( ❇r❛③✐❧ ) capital( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ) isLocatedIn( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ , ❘❡❣✐ã♦❈❡♥tr♦❖❡st❡ ) isLocatedIn( ❘❡❣✐ã♦❈❡♥tr♦❖❡st❡ , ❇r❛③✐❧ ) hasHDI( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ , high ) ❉▲ ✷✵✶✷ ✷✴✶✽

  5. ❇r❛③✐❧ ❈◗ ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❍♦r♥✲ SHIQ ✶✳ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ◗✉❡r② ❆♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❉▲s ❖♥t♦❧♦❣② ❇❛s❡❞ ❉❛t❛ ❆❝❝❡ss ✐s ❛ ❦❡② ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❉▲s ❍❡♥❝❡✱ q✉❡r② ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❉▲s ❛ ❝r✉❝✐❛❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t❡ ❛ ❝♦♥❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ q✉❡r② q ♦✈❡r ❛♥ ❆❇♦① A ✱ t❛❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❛❝❝♦✉♥t t❤❡ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ❡①♣r❡ss❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❉▲ ❚❇♦① T hasDevelopedCapital( x ) ← country( x ) , hasCapital( x, y ) , city( y ) , hasHDI( y, high ) country( ❇r❛③✐❧ ) hasHDI( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ , high ) hasCapital( ❇r❛③✐❧ , ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ) , city( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ) , A T country( ❇r❛③✐❧ ) trans (isLocatedIn) capital( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ) country ⊑ ∃ hasCapital . capital isLocatedIn( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ , ❘❡❣✐ã♦❈❡♥tr♦❖❡st❡ ) hasCapital ⊑ isLocatedIn isLocatedIn( ❘❡❣✐ã♦❈❡♥tr♦❖❡st❡ , ❇r❛③✐❧ ) country ⊑ � 1 isLocatedIn − . capital country ⊑ ∀ hasCapital . city hasHDI( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ , high ) ❉▲ ✷✵✶✷ ✷✴✶✽

  6. ❈◗ ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❍♦r♥✲ SHIQ ✶✳ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ◗✉❡r② ❆♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❉▲s ❖♥t♦❧♦❣② ❇❛s❡❞ ❉❛t❛ ❆❝❝❡ss ✐s ❛ ❦❡② ❛♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ♦❢ ❉▲s ❍❡♥❝❡✱ q✉❡r② ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ✐♥ ❉▲s ❛ ❝r✉❝✐❛❧ ♣r♦❜❧❡♠ ❊✈❛❧✉❛t❡ ❛ ❝♦♥❥✉♥❝t✐✈❡ q✉❡r② q ♦✈❡r ❛♥ ❆❇♦① A ✱ t❛❦✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❛❝❝♦✉♥t t❤❡ ❝♦♥str❛✐♥ts ❡①♣r❡ss❡❞ ❜② ❛ ❉▲ ❚❇♦① T hasDevelopedCapital( x ) ← country( x ) , hasCapital( x, y ) , city( y ) , hasHDI( y, high ) hasDevelopedCapital( ❇r❛③✐❧ ) ← country( ❇r❛③✐❧ ) hasHDI( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ , high ) hasCapital( ❇r❛③✐❧ , ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ) , city( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ) , A T country( ❇r❛③✐❧ ) trans (isLocatedIn) capital( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ ) country ⊑ ∃ hasCapital . capital isLocatedIn( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ , ❘❡❣✐ã♦❈❡♥tr♦❖❡st❡ ) hasCapital ⊑ isLocatedIn isLocatedIn( ❘❡❣✐ã♦❈❡♥tr♦❖❡st❡ , ❇r❛③✐❧ ) country ⊑ � 1 isLocatedIn − . capital country ⊑ ∀ hasCapital . city hasHDI( ❇r❛s✐❧✐❛ , high ) ❉▲ ✷✵✶✷ ✷✴✶✽

  7. ❈◗ ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❍♦r♥✲ SHIQ ✶✳ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ❙t❛t❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛rt ❋♦r ❧✐❣❤t✇❡✐❣❤t ❉▲s✱ s✉❝❝❡ss❢✉❧ q✉❡r② ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ✉s✐♥❣ ❞❛t❛❜❛s❡ t❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣✐❡s ❋♦r DL ✲▲✐t❡ ◗✉❡r② r❡✇r✐t✐♥❣ ❝♦♠♣✐❧❡s q ❛♥❞ T ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❯❈◗✴❋❖ q✉❡r② q T q T ❝❛♥ ❜❡ ❡✈❛❧✉❛t❡❞ ♦✈❡r A ♦♥❧② ✇✐t❤ ♦✛✲t❤❡✲s❤❡❧❢ ❘❉❇▼❙s ▼❛♥② ♣❛♣❡rs ♦♥ ❜❡tt❡r ❛♥❞ s❤♦rt❡r r❡✇r✐t✐♥❣s ❋♦r EL ◗✉❡r② r❡✇r✐t✐♥❣ ✐♥t♦ ❉❛t❛❧♦❣ ✭❡✳❣✳✱✳ ❘❡q✉✐❡♠✮ ✱ ♥♦ ❋❖ r❡✇r✐t❛❜✐❧✐t② ❆❧t❡r♥❛t✐✈❡✿ t❤❡ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡❞ ❛♣♣r♦❛❝❤ • ❚❇♦① ♣❛rt✐❛❧❧② ♠❛t❡r✐❛❧✐③❡❞ ✐♥ A ✭♣♦❧②♥♦♠✐❛❧ ❡①♣❛♥s✐♦♥✮ • q r❡✇r✐tt❡♥ ✐♥t♦ ❛ ❋❖ q✉❡r② ♦✈❡r t❤❡ ❡①♣❛♥❞❡❞ ❞❛t❛ • ❡✈❛❧✉❛t✐♦♥ ♣♦ss✐❜❧❡ ✇✐t❤ ♦✛✲t❤❡✲s❤❡❧❢ ❘❉❇▼❙s ❉▲ ✷✵✶✷ ✸✴✶✽

  8. ❜❛❞ ♥❡✇s✦ ■s q✉❡r② ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ❜❡②♦♥❞ ✲▲✐t❡ ❛♥❞ ♣r❛❝t✐❝❛❜❧❡❄ ❈❛♥ ✇❡ r❡❛❧✐③❡ ✐t ✉s✐♥❣ ❡①✐st✐♥❣ ❡✣❝✐❡♥t t❡❝❤♥♦❧♦❣✐❡s❄ ✭❘❉❇▼❙✱ ❉❛t❛❧♦❣ ❡♥❣✐♥❡s✱ ❡t❝✳✮ ❈◗ ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ❢♦r ❍♦r♥✲ SHIQ ✶✳ ▼♦t✐✈❛t✐♦♥ ❙t❛t❡ ♦❢ t❤❡ ❛rt ✭❝♦♥t✬❞✮ ❋♦r ♠♦r❡ ❡①♣r❡ss✐✈❡ ❉▲s ✭❢✉❧❧✮ ❈◗ ❛♥s✇❡r✐♥❣ ♥♦t s✉♣♣♦rt❡❞ ❜② r❡❛s♦♥❡rs ❛❧❣♦r✐t❤♠s ❞♦♥✬t s❡❡♠ ✐♠♣❧❡♠❡♥t❛❜❧❡ ♠❛♥② ❜❛❞ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② r❡s✉❧ts • ALCI ❛♥❞ SH ❛r❡ ✷✲❊①♣❚✐♠❡✲❤❛r❞ ✐♥ ❝♦♠❜✐♥❡❞ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② • ❛❧r❡❛❞② AL ✐♥tr❛❝t❛❜❧❡ ✐♥ ❞❛t❛ ❝♦♠♣❧❡①✐t② ❉▲ ✷✵✶✷ ✹✴✶✽

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