R EPORT OF THE 2011 S URVEY AND 2012 E XCAVATION S EASONS AT S HIKHIN James Riley Strange 15 November 2012 American Schools of Oriental Research Annual Meeting Chicago, IL
Excavation Directors • Director: James Riley Strange, Samford University • Associate Director: Mordechai Aviam, Kinneret College; Institute for Galilean Archaeology • Associate Director: David Fiensy, Kentucky Christian University
Funding • Samford University • The Fund for Biblical Archaeology • The Miller Center for Contemporary Judaic Studies, University of Miami • Appalachian College Association • Private donations: Dr. James F. and Mrs. Carolyn Strange; Mrs. Elizabeth Strange; Dr. Steve and Mrs. Susie Salyers; Dr. Robert and Mrs. Joan Keller
The Dig Crew
Location of the Site
Detail of the Survey Area
Shikhin from the east
Detail of the Survey Area
Looking east to Jebel Qat
Shikhin looking northwest
Shikhin looking south
Looking south and west to Sepphoris
A1, north at top of photo
Cisterns
Underground Chambers
Cisterns with Underground Chambers
Cisterns and Evidence of Pressing
Uninscribed Roman Milestone
Column Base
Plaster Fragment 8 – 10 cm thick
A1, west at top of photo
The terrace of Field I; looking east
The Terrace of Field I; looking northeast
I.2, south at top
I.3, south at top
Eastern section of plaster
Western Section of plaster
I.3, south at top
I.4, north at top
I.5, south at top
I.5 Detail of house wall, looking west
I.6, south at top
I.7, north at top
Gradiometer Survey
II.1, south at top
Decorated Galilean Bowl
Coin Index Persian Hellenistic Tyrian Hasmonean Jewish Procurator LR Islamic Unknown 2-1 c. Agrippa II? Nero/Festus Const. II 2 1 4 5 1 1 1 1? 2
Persian (4 th c.?), Silver, ca. 6 mm diameter Obverse: Pegasus within dotted circle. Reverse: Owl facing right within dotted circle.
Alexander Jannaeus (103 – 76 BCE) Obverse: Anchor within dotted circle. In Greek: ALEXAND[R]O[U] left of anchor; BA[SILEŌS] right of anchor. Reverse: Eight-pointed star within circle; Paleo-Hebrew letters between rays of star: [YH]WN[TN HMLK]
Hasmonean: misstruck on irregular planchet
Tyrian, badly worn Obverse: Unreadable Reverse: Palm tree inside dotted circle; illegible inscription
Procurator coin under Nero (54 – 68 CE); Procius Festus (59 – 62 CE) Obverse: “NER / [ WNO / C]” within wreath. Reverse: Head of grain within dotted circle. “KAIC AR[OC]”.
Agrippa II? (50 – 95 CE) Obverse: Head of Domitian? (81 – 96 CE), bust r. within dotted circle. KAISA[R]. Reverse: Nike standing r. writing on a shield resting on raised knee. BAAGRIP.
Late Roman Obverse: Laureate curiassed bust of young man or boy r. within circle; In Latin: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C . Reverse: Within circle: two soldiers helmeted standing facing front, heads toward center, reverse spear in outer hands, inner hands on shields resting on the ground, between them one standard. In Latin: GLOR-IA EXERC- ITVS . In exergue: S[acra] M[oneta] AN[tioch] G [= third officina ]
Pottery and Coin Profiles Compared Pottery IRON PER HELL1 HELL2 R1 R2 R3 BYZ1 BYZ2 ISL1 ISL2 # 4 23 15 106 1595 642 451 27 5 3 0 % 0.1 0.8 0.5 3.7 55.6 22.4 15.7 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.0 Coins PER HELL1 HELL2 R1 R2 R3 BYZ1 BYZ2 ISL1 ISL2 # 2 0 10 2 0 1 0 0 1? 0 % 11.1 0.0 55.6 11.1 0.0 5.56 0.0 0.0 5.56 0.0
Fragment of Potter’s Wheel
Pottery Forms Recovered in 2012 Jars Jugs/Juglets Kraters Cooking Bowls Casseroles Lids Lamps Pots 1501 585 162 119 108 91 4 113 52.3% 20% 5.6% 4.1% 3.8% 3.2% 0.1%
Lamp Mold from Sepphoris
Portion of kiln floor
Pottery Forms Recovered in 2012 Jars Jugs/Juglets Kraters Cooking Bowls Casseroles Lids Lamps Pots 1501 585 162 119 108 91 4 113 52.3% 20% 5.6% 4.1% 3.8% 3.2% 0.1%
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