Proficiency and Depiction entity or event (the signer uses space, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Depiction (Dudis 2011, 2007) The visual (spatial) representation of an entity or event ~ by using something other than the actual Proficiency and Depiction entity or event (the signer uses space, articulators, face, body...) (See also Liddell 2003; Dudis 2007; Thumann 2011) in ASL Depiction refers to “any act in which one or a set of Mary Thumann, PhD concepts are made manifest in the discourse Gallaudet University setting...” (Dudis, 2011:4) Department of Linguistics Thumann ~ Proficiency & Depiction 1 2 Depiction & Depiction Proficient signers ‣ Depict multiple entities simultaneously (partitioning ~ Dudis 2004) Function: to represent something visually-spatially ‣ Variation in size, scale, perspective Form : (Liddell, 2003) ‣ Multiple sequences: switch from one instance of depiction - depicting verbs (classifiers) to others in quick succession (Thumann 2010) - surrogate (role shifts, constructed dialogue, experiencing |self|...) ‣ Depiction within depiction - tokens (3-d location in space) - buoys (list, fragment, ...) ‣ Metaphor, iconicity - 2 dimensional abstract (|map|, |calendar|) ‣ Eye gaze with depiction - metaphor ‣ Anything else? - other....? Thumann ~ Proficiency & Depiction Thumann ~ Proficiency & Depiction 3 4 Thumann Excerpts Presentation Depiction and proficiency project - May 22, 2019

Research Questions Examining the Use of Depiction across ASLPI *Examining the Use of Depiction across Assessment Levels American Sign Language Proficiency Interview (ASLPI) Assessment Levels 1) What types of depiction occur in the language use of signers at various levels of proficiency? The aim of this pilot project is to 2) What is the frequency of occurrence of these types of depiction in the language use of signers compare depiction usage between groups at various levels of proficiency on the ASLPI? of signers at various levels of proficiency 3) How does depiction usage compare among signers of different ASLPI levels? *This project approved by Gallaudet University IRB Thumann ~ Proficiency & Depiction Thumann ~ Proficiency & Depiction 5 6 Depiction Identification Flow Chart 4.9.2 Categories of Depiction Methodology ELAN Flowchart 4.9.2 (Dudis, 2014, p.c.) Organized based on a series of questions: Using ELAN and Dudis’ Depiction Identification Flow Chart 4.9.2, analyze the occurrence of depiction in signers at each level of ASLPI - is there an experiencing |self| in the depiction Qualitative - is an event depicted without a |self| - describe differences in types of depiction and form of depiction - are 3-d relationships or dimensions of concrete objects depicted Quantitative - are timelines, buoys, tokens or vertical planes depicted - # of instances of depiction identified in each sample - # of types of depiction identified in each sample (see Depiction Identification Flowchart 4.9.2) - compare the number of instances of each type of depiction Thumann ~ Proficiency & Depiction Thumann ~ Proficiency & Depiction 7 8 Thumann Excerpts Presentation Depiction and proficiency project - May 22, 2019

Possible differences P ROFICIENT SIGNERS between ASLPI levels High number of instances of depiction: 18 - 23 DPMs - Frequency of depiction Frequent variation in types of depiction variation in vantage point - Whether or not signer “takes advantage of” opportunities to make things visual/spatial (to variation in size , scale depict) varying types of depiction - Number of switches between depiction and Efficiency & creativity with depictions (e.g. personification) depiction types Easily and frequently switches between tokens, surrogates, buoys, - Partitioning etc. - Use of metaphor More sequences of depiction; subtle switches, efficient movements and sign production - ... Thumann ~ Proficiency & Depiction 9 10 P RELIMINARY NUMBERS Depiction & Proficiency pilot study T YPES AND NUMBER OF INSTANCES OF DEPICTION Average number of instances of depiction @ 15 - 18 minutes of signing at various levels of proficiency in @ 15 - 18 minutes of signing ASLPI ASLPI ASLPI ASLPI Type of depiction 0, 1 and 2 2+ and 3 3+ and 4 Level 4+ and 5 tokens 162 18 32 80 ASLPI ASLPI ASLPI ASLPI Depiction Level 4+ and 5 0, 1 and 2 2+ and 3 3+ and 4 Level 4+ and 5 buoys 32 11 11 20 397 397 average # 66 in 15 126 in 16 205 in 17 instances minutes minutes minutes (18 minutes) (18 minutes) surrogates 121 11.3 27 50 average 22 22 3.9 7.7 11.5 depicting verbs 71.5 20 27 25 DPM 2-d** 3** 0.5 3 5 11 12 Thumann Excerpts Presentation Depiction and proficiency project - May 22, 2019

P RELIMINARY TRENDS IDENTIFIED S EQUENCES OF D EPICTION Average #s 0, 1 and 2 2+ and 3 3+ and 4 4+ and 5 ASLPI longest 2 in row 3 in row 4 in row 5 in row 6 - 12 in Total # average # Level sequence row 66 in @15 126 in @ 205 in @ 397 in @ 18 instances of minutes 16 minutes 17 minutes minutes 0 6 4 3 1 - - - depiction average DPM 3.9 7.7 11.5 22 1 13 3 11 2 - - - 7.3 10 29 75 # sequences of (sequence (sequence (sequence (sequence 2 10 5 7 1 2 - - depiction of 4) of 5) of 5) of 12- 15) surrogate 11.3 27 50 121 3 19 4 13 4 2 - - token space 18 32 80 162 4 40 5 31 7 1 1 - dv 20 27 25 71.5 5 69 12 11 8 2 2 1 buoys 11 11 20 32 13 14 Preliminary observations Preliminary Observations Levels 0 - 1 Depiction produced by signers assessed at every level of proficiency. Fewer instances of depiction Even someone assessed at ASLPI 0+ had instances - in @ 13 minutes of signing, one signer produced 55 instances that could of depiction be counted as depiction = DPM of 4 per minute - DPM ranges 15 - 20 (Dudis, pc; Thumann, 2010) in 12 minutes = 195 - 260 - list buoy Types of depiction - depicting verbs (e.g. |pyramid|) - tokens, depicting verbs (classifiers), role shift, list buoy, 2-d map - role shift (e.g. |teacher|) Differences - appropriate eye gaze (not consistent) - efficiency of depiction, # of different types, switches... - memorized constructions rather than spontaneous depictions? - produce signs in locations in space (DIFFERENT ++) Thumann ~ Proficiency & Depiction Thumann ~ Proficiency & Depiction 15 16 Thumann Excerpts Presentation Depiction and proficiency project - May 22, 2019

Preliminary observations Preliminary observations Levels 2 - 3 Levels 4 - 5 Differences in - both have high DPMs - frequency of depiction - frequent switches, varying types, etc. - varying types of depiction - use of eye gaze (not consistent) Difference in their ASLPI levels might be due to something completely unrelated to - partitioning depiction. - efficiency (e.g., role shifts) Thumann ~ Proficiency & Depiction Thumann ~ Proficiency & Depiction 17 18 *Examining the Use of Depiction across ASLPI level 0 - 1 ASLPI Assessment Levels Special thanks to Depiction appears to be limited, perhaps “memorized” constructions Participants wiling to share their ASLPI videos of the type learned in beginning ASL Dr. Paul Dudis classes: classifiers/depicting verbs, Gallaudet University - The ASLPI some use of space (pointing) and Gallaudet University Priority Research Grant role shifting . Research Assistants *This project approved by Gallaudet University IRB Thumann ~ Proficiency & Depiction Thumann ~ Proficiency & Depiction 19 20 Thumann Excerpts Presentation Depiction and proficiency project - May 22, 2019