ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS FACING US: AN OVERALL ASSESSMENT FROM TURKEY MAIN THEME TO BE DISCUSSED HERE: Prof. Dr. Celal F Gökçay TREATMENT & RECYCLING OF DOMESTIC WASTEWATERS FOR REUSE AND METU Environmental Engineering SUSTAINABILITY. Dept., cfgokcay@metu.edu.tr The OUTCOMES OF MEDAWARE PROJECT INNOVA-MED CF Gokcay 1 INNOVA-MED CF Gokcay 2 MEDAWARE Participating Countries MEDAWARE Project 1. Cyprus Nicosia Agriculture Research Institute 2. Jordan Irbid Jordan University of Sciences and Technology 3. Lebanon Beirut American University of Beirut ‘ Development of Tools and Guidelines for 4. Marocco El Jadida Chouaib Doukkali University, the Promotion of the Sustainable Urban 5. Palestinian Gaza Ministry of Environmental Affairs Authority Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in 6. Türkiye Ankara ODTÜ the Agricultural Production in the 7. Türkiye Istanbul İ TÜ Mediterranean Countries’ 8. Greece Athens National Tech. Univ. of Athens 9. Greece Chania- Prospect Systems Grete Env. Protection Tech, & Systems 10. Spain Boecillo Cartif, Centro de Automatimazion, Robotica y Technologias INNOVA-MED CF Gokcay 3 INNOVA-MED CF Gokcay 4 PRIME MINISTER’S OFFICE PRIME MINISTER’S OFFICE State Planning Organization State Planning Organization SAP Regional Development Administration Organization SAP Regional Development Administration Organization G. D. of Rural Services G. D. of Rural Services Ministry of Internal Affairs Ministry of Internal Affairs SAP Higher Council SAP Higher Council Department of Village Drinking Waters Department of Village Drinking Waters Governorship Governorship SAP Regional Development Administration SAP Regional Development Administration Department of Irrigation Department of Irrigation Province Health Directorate Province Health Directorate Directorate of Food and Directorate of Food and Agriculture and Forestry Coordination Office Agriculture and Forestry Coordination Office Department of Survey and Project Department of Survey and Project Environmental Control Environmental Control Department of Basin Department of Basin Province Agriculture Directorate Province Agriculture Directorate Ministry of Culture and Tourism Ministry of Culture and Tourism Improvement and Ponds Improvement and Ponds Province Rural Services Directorate Province Rural Services Directorate G. D. of Investments and Enterprises G. D. of Investments and Enterprises Ministry of Public Works and Settlement Ministry of Public Works and Settlement Province Environment and Province Environment and Forestry Directorate Forestry Directorate Bank of Provinces Bank of Provinces Profile of Turkey and Summary of Ministry of Environment and Forestry Ministry of Environment and Forestry Department of Drinking Water Department of Drinking Water Higher Council of Environment Higher Council of Environment Greater Municipality Greater Municipality Institutional Framework Department of Sewerage Department of Sewerage Local Environment Councils Local Environment Councils Water and Sewage Administration Water and Sewage Administration Authority for Protection of Special Areas Authority for Protection of Special Areas Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources Regarding the Environment Department of Health Department of Health and Social Services and Social Services Regional Directorates Regional Directorates G. D. of State Hydraulic Works G. D. of State Hydraulic Works Directorate of Environmental Health Directorate of Environmental Health Sectional Directorates Sectional Directorates Department of Survey and Planning Department of Survey and Planning Municipality Municipality Department of Project and Construction Department of Project and Construction Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Department of Dams andHEPS Department of Dams andHEPS Directorate of Water Works Directorate of Water Works G. D. of Agricultural Reform G. D. of Agricultural Reform Directorate of Health Issues Directorate of Health Issues Department of Drinking Water and Sewerage Department of Drinking Water and Sewerage G. D. of Protection and Control G. D. of Protection and Control Department of Geotechnical Works and Groundwater Department of Geotechnical Works and Groundwater Village Village Department of Environmental Department of Environmental and Disaster Services and Disaster Services G. D. of Electrical Power Resources Survey and G. D. of Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration Development Administration Ministry of Health Ministry of Health Department of Hydrological Survey Department of Hydrological Survey Bounded Institution Bounded Institution Refik Saydam Institute of Hygiene Refik Saydam Institute of Hygiene Related Institution Related Institution INNOVA-MED CF Gokcay 5 INNOVA-MED CF Gokcay AffiliatedInstitution AffiliatedInstitution 6 Directorate of Environmental Directorate of Environmental Council Council Health Research Health Research 1
List of Actors Involved in Wastewater Treatment and Reuse- 1 Laws and Regulations Pertaining to Wastewater Treatment, PLAN SERVI FINAN MONITOR Disposal and Reuse NING CE CE Year Establishment Law/Regulation/Bulletin Actor W S I W S I W S I W S I 1983 MoEF Environment Law Ministry of Environment and Forestry 1988 MoEF Water Pollution Control Regulation (WPCR) Authority for Protection of Special Areas 1989 MoEF WPCR Administration Aspects Bulletin Ministry of Health Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs 1989 MoEF WPCR Toxic and Hazardous Substances in Water Bulletin G.D. of Agricultural Reform 1991 MoEF WPCR Technical Aspects Bulletin Ministry of Internal Affairs 1995 MoARA Aquatic Products Regulation Governorships Municipalities 2001 MoEF Environmental Inspection Regulation Ward Administration 2002 MoEF Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources MoEF: Min. Of Environment and Forestry, MoARA: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs INNOVA-MED CF Gokcay 7 INNOVA-MED CF Gokcay 8 G.D. of State Hydraulic Works List of Actors Involved in Wastewater Treatment and Reuse - 2 Water Potential PLANNIN SERVICE FINANCE MONITOR G Actor W S I W S I W S I W S I � Total annual water potential in the country is around G. D. of Electrical Power Resources 187 Billion m3 Survey and Development Administration Prime Minister’s Office � 30-35 Billion m3 used directly in irrigation State Planning Organization � Around 5-6 billion m3 is being used for domestic G. D. of Rural Services purposes SAP Reg. Development Administration Ministry of Public Works and Settlement � Although ample water potential exist, availibility is Bank of Provinces not homegenously distributed in time and in space. Ministry of Culture and Tourism Local water shortages at times of crisis should be overcome by reusing treated wastewaters. W: Water, S: Sewage (Wastewater), I: Irrigation INNOVA-MED CF Gokcay 9 INNOVA-MED CF Gokcay 10 The results of Water Table Observation Studies (DSI 2002) Water Withdrawal in Turkey (DSI-2001) Rural Withdrawal Urban Withdrawal distribution (%) distribution (%) Years 2001 2002 (Total water amount: (Total water amount: 164 x 10 6 m 3 ) 6202 x 10 6 m 3 ) Area Rate Area Rate Salinity Levels (ha) (%) (ha) (%) Spring water 24.3 22.1 0-2500 1127769 90 863035 86 2500-5000 91411 7 114399 11 Lake 0.53 10.3 5000-7500 23322 2 20551 2 River 1.54 2.21 7500-10000 10166 1 5992 1 Dam 4.90 39.6 10000< 6109 0 5214 1 Groundwater 67.4 24.1 Total 1258777 100 1009191 100 The ratio of observed area to Pond 0.37 1.57 total irrigtonal 68 53 INNOVA-MED CF Gokcay 11 INNOVA-MED CF Gokcay 12 Other 0.96 0.12 area (%) 2
Recommend
More recommend
