Pro-Forestry Counter-Movement Study Overheads 2 3 COUNTER-MOVEMENT - PDF document

“Pro-Forestry Counter-Movement” Study Overheads

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3 COUNTER-MOVEMENT HYPOTHESES: VALUES 1. Preference for anthropocentric values is positively associated with level of identification with the countermovement. 2. Preference for materialist values is positively associated with level of identification with the countermovement. 3. Preference for anthropocentric values is positively associated with countermovement activism. 4. Preference for materialist values is positively associated with countermovement activism. IDENTIFICATION 5. Level of environmental movement identification is negatively associated with level of countermovement identification. 6. Level of environmental movement identification is negatively associated with level of countermovement activism.

4 NETWORK HYPOTHESES 7. Counter movement members (relative to the general public) will be more integrated into the movement through their ingroup ties (ties to the countermovement). 8. On average, members of the general public (relative to countermovement members) will have a greater number of “outgroup ties” (e.g., ties to environmentalists). 9. For both groups (countermovement members, the general public) number of ingroup ties (ties to countermovement members and organizations) will be positively correlated with level of countermovement activism. 10. For both groups (countermovement members, the general public) number of outgroup ties (ties to environmentalists) will be negatively correlated with level of countermovement activism.

5 Table X.1. What contributes to job loss?/Lack of economic sustainability, environmental sustainability? % Completely % Mostly or or Mostly Agree Completely Disagree SHARE 5.5 55.5 1. Most jobs in the forest industry have been lost because of a reduced timber supply due to over cutting. PUBLIC 21.0 44.0 SHARE 52.3 21.1 2. Most jobs that have been lost in the forest industry are due to unnecessary environmental protection (e.g., the creation of parks, the PUBLIC 25.5 38.8 Forest Practices Code, etc.). SHARE 12.5 49.2 3. Most jobs that have been lost in the forest industry are due to necessary environmental protection (e.g., the creation of parks, the PUBLIC 18.6 49.5 Forest Practices Code, etc.). 4. Most jobs that have been lost in the forest industry are due to things like mechanization SHARE 42.2 14.8 and market conditions (e.g., supply and price of wood). PUBLIC 62.5 11.5 5. Most job losses in the forest industry are SHARE 41.1 18.6 due to the actions of environmental groups. PUBLIC 35.0 38.0 6. Most environmental problems are a result SHARE 37.2 23.3 of societal over-consumption of resources (e.g., over-use of paper products, over- packaging, reliance on single occupancy PUBLIC n/a n/a vehicles, etc.)

CM Table 1. Multiple Regression Analysis Predicting Level of Identification and Level of Activism Using Cultural Variables as Independent Variables for Counter Movement Members . (Standardized Regression Coefficients Are Shown.) DV: Level of DV: Level of Independent Variables Countermovement Countermovement Identification Activism Values: Materialist Values Index .19* .07 Anthropocentrism Index .16* .21* Level of Environmental Movement Identification -.13 .06 R2 .09* .05 Adjusted R2 .06* .02 * p. � .05; ** p. � .01; *** p. � .005; N=106 N=106

CM Table 2. Multiple Regression Analyses with Activism as the Dependent Variable for Counter Movement and Environmental Movement. (Standardized Regression Coefficients Are Shown.) Independent Variables Environmental Counter-Movement Movement DV: Activism DV: Activism Control Variables: Length of Membership .20* .05 Age -.07 -.18*** Gender .13 .02 Education .11 .06 Values: Materialist/Post Materialist Values Index -.07 .00 Anthropocentrism Index .08 .07 Network Structure Variables: CMO/SMO Weak Ties .15 .20*** CMO/SMO Strong Ties .05 -.03 Range of CMO/SMO Ties .19* .31*** Range of CMO/SMO Memberships .03 .23*** Network Based Processes Ongoing Network-Based Recruitment .05 .11** Frequency of Communication .16 .13*** Level of Movement Identification .24* .24*** R2 .38*** .66*** Adjusted R2 .27*** .65*** + p. � .10; * p. � .05; ** p. � .01; *** p. � .005 N=85 N=241

CM Table 3A. Comparing the Counter Movement and Port Alberni General Public: Activism and Network Ties. Means and S.D. (in parentheses). Counter General Movement Public Activism (Short List) 4.74 2.38 (1.97) (2.15) Range of Ties to Countermovement Organizations 1.87 1.49 (.90) (.92) Range of Memberships to Countermovement Organizations 1.34 .49 (.49) (.72) Range of Ties to Environmental Movement Organizations (Short List) .76 .63 (1.42) (1.24) Range of Memberships to Environmental Organizations (Short List) .01 .09 (.09) (.35) N=129 N = 100 Table 3 B. Comparing the Counter Movement and the General Public: Weak Ties and Strong Ties. (Percentage with at least one tie). % % Weak Tie to Countermovement Organization (Share Our Resources) 68.2 35.0 Strong Tie to Countermovement Organization (Share Our Resources) 44.2 12.0 N=129 N=100

CM Table 4. Multiple Regression Analysis Predicting Level of Activism Comparing Ties to Environmentalists with Ties to the Counter-Movement (for Share). (Using Standardized Regression Coefficients.) Independent Variables General Counter Counter Public Movement Movement (Port Alberni) (Short List (Activism) Index) A (Short List Index) A Network Structure Variables: ----- ----- .19* CMO/SMO Weak Ties CMO/SMO Strong Ties ----- ----- .07 Range of CMO/SMO Ties .39*** .10 .19* Range of CMO/SMO Memberships .35*** .21** .19* Range of Ties to Environmental Organizations B -.00 .25*** .34*** R2 .36*** .17*** .32*** Adjusted R2 .34*** .14*** .29*** + p. � .10; * p. � .05; ** p. � .01; *** p. � .005; N=97 N=126 N=126 A The “Short List” index contains a subset of items included in the full activism index. Use of this measure allows direct comparison between the Counter-Movement and Port Alberni. B Again for comparative purposes, the models in columns 1 and 2 use a “range index” based on a shortened list of environmental organizations.

Table 5. Multiple Regression Analysis Predicting Level of Activism Using “Counter-Movement” Variables (for Share). (Using Standardized Regression Coefficients.) Counter Counter Independent Variables Movement Movement Model 1 Model 2 Values: Materialist Values Index .15* .15* Anthropocentrism Index .17* .13+ Network Structure Variables: .43* .41*** Range of Ties to Environmental Organizations Total CM Ties (Control) ----- .24*** Level of Movement Identification .04 .03 Level of Environmental Movement Identification R2 .23*** .28*** Adjusted R2 .20*** .25*** + p. � .10; * p. � .05; ** p. � .01; *** p. � .005; N=110 N=110

Table 6. Multiple Regression Analysis Predicting Level of Activism “Full Model” Using “Counter-Movement” Variables (for Share). (Using Standardized Regression Coefficients.) Counter Independent Variables Movement DV: Activism Control Variable: .22** Length of Membership Values: -.03 Materialist/Post Materialist Values Index Anthropocentrism Index .08 Network Structure Variables: CMO/SMO Weak Ties .13 CMO/SMO Strong Ties .01 Range of CMO/SMO Ties .13+ Range of CMO/SMO Memberships .06 Range of Ties to Environmental Organizations .31*** .14+ Network Based Processes Ongoing Network-Based Recruitment Frequency of Communication .08 Level of Movement Identification Level of Countermovement Identification .19* Level of Environmental Movement Identification .03 R2 .46*** Adjusted R2 .38*** + p. � .10; * p. � .05; ** p. � .01; *** p. � .005; N=87

SOME QUALITATIVE RESPONSES: Many countermovement respondents complained that their community was being adversely affected by environmental movement outsiders. For example, one respondent provided the following written observation on her questionnaire: The year of the Clayoquot Protest was one of the most unpleasant in my life. The self righteous rhetoric and preaching from urban and European environmental missionaries was oppressive. The emotional polarization on the “save our trees” issue even impacted on long term friendships. For a while we successfully relied on humour to deflect some of the oh-so-serious missives and barbs aimed societally and personally. But the sense of attack didn’t abate. [I] felt drawn into the fray, which resulted in feeling angry and personally attacked. [I] didn’t like the feeling – it was unhealthy and counterproductive, so [I] tried to protect myself by establishing some distance from the issues and rhetoric. ...

Others added: Environmental protests are usually directed and led by people who reside outside the area of concern. Consequently they are not directly affected by the result of their action. Those who live in Victoria or Vancouver should maintain their own communities. Let them look after their own backyards. It appears that part of the “environmental ties effect” is resentment about outsiders who are adversely affecting the lives of local community members. This observation dovetails with the findings of Dunk (1994) on forestry workers in northern Ontario.