Postmodern Characteristics in the Trends of Sporting Practices in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

University of Debrecen, Hungary Faculty of Economic Sciences and Rural Development, Department of Sporteconomics and Management Postmodern Characteristics in the Trends of Sporting Practices in Hungary Perényi Szilvia (PhD.) Assistant Professor

SOCIETAL CONTEXT  Economic and political changes in 1989/1990  Capitalistic changes without actual capitalists (Szelényi, 1987)  Causing societal changes  Economic crisis  Changes in the societal sub-system of sport  Hungary’s entry to the EU, 2005  Hungarian presidency of the EU, 2011

YOUTH LIFE PERIOD  Youth life changes (Gábor, 2002, Laki, 2002)  Extended years in education  Delay of independent life  Delay in job market entry  Delay in establishing a family  Postmodern value dominance (Inglehart, 1991; Bauer, 2000; Perényi, 2010) Post-figurative life elements (Mead, 1978)  More free-time and less responsibilities? Does it support enhanced level of sport participation?

YOUTH in HUNGARY Youth life changes with 15 years of delay  (Gábor, 2002, Laki, 2002) Economic, political and societal changes  20 years of transition with societal crises  (Hankiss, 2008; Bauer, 2000) Discrepancies' in the autonomy of youth, in integrative social functions, fight for educational capital, collection of degrees and certificates. Limited opportunities and increase of unemployment.

CHANGES IN SPORT Delayed democratisation, newly established paternalism and centralism. (Földesi and Egressy, 2005; Perényi, 2010) The myth of a „Sporting Nation of Hungary ” The heritage from state-socialism -- focus on Elite sport. Italy, Portugal, Greece and Hungary – the least physically active nations (Euro-barometer, 2009) .

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To follow the trends in sport participation of  Hungarian youth during the first decade of the new Millennium.  Define the relation of sport participation to socio- demographic variables and outline trends of changes.  Follow the possible postmodern trends in sporting practices of youth.

THEORITICAL BACKGROUND  Bourdieu (1984) Social determinations, cultural and economic capitals praxis and habitus.  Beck (1983) Individualization and diversification.  Schulze (1992) ‘ Thrill Society ’.

QUESTIONS  What are the main indicators of sport participation during the examined period?  What are the strongest varibles influencing sport participation?  Is their a change in preferred sports over the examined period?  How is club membership destributed?

METHODOLOGY YOUTH 2000 2004 2008 Comprehensive research series of youth ’s social position. education and career path  political views, relation to democracy, religion  physical well-being, self-satisfaction  lifestyle, leisure time, sport participation  deviance, endangers of well-being,  youth culture, partner relations  prospective future, values and norms,  Ministry of Youth and Sports and Prime Minister’s Office Funded by: Conducted by: ‘Mobilitás’ youth Research Institute , Central Statistical Agency, Institute of Sociology and Political Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Educational Research Institute

METHODS Sample:  15-29 years olds  Stratified random sampling  National representative sample (gender, age, size of residence, municipality of residence)  Youth2000 - N=8000  Youth2004 - N=2x4000  Youth2008 - N=1x4000, 2x2000 Data collection:  Questioner based structured interview

PROCESS OF DATA SPSS 15.0 version  Statistical Analysis: Sport participation - years of 2000, 2004, 2008.  - frequencies, chi-square - llogistic regression analysis Type of sports - years of 2000 and 2004.  - frequencies Previous studies in the EU: Scheerder and Breedveld (2004); Scheerder, Vanreusel, and Taks (2005); Moens and Scheerder (2004); Vanreusel et al, (1993)

VARIABLES Dependent variable:  Sport participant / non sport participant  Subjective answer to the question of „Do you do sports or physical activities regularly outside of physical education classes?” Independent  Gender (men, women)  Age group (15-19, 20-24, 25-29 years)  Education (low, middle, high)  Labor market activity (study, work, un-employed, in-active)  Social-economic position (low, low-middle, middle, middle- hihg, high)  Settlement types (capital, county-town, town, village)

SPORT PARTICIPATION (%) 2000. 2004. 2008. Sport participants 33 41 38 Nonsport participants 67 59 61 Sport part. female 27 34 31 Sport part. male 39 48 44 Chi-square 112,2* 167.49* 152.53* % * p<.001

Gender, Age, Education Logistic Regression categories 2000. 2004. 2008. gender men ref. category women 0.543* 0.516* 0.508* age 15-19 ref. category 20-24 0.762* 1.091* 0.703* 25-29 0.560* 1.608* 0.601* low ref. category 1.666* 1.574* education middle 1.406* 2.648* 2.685* hihg 2.269* Exp(Beta), * p<.001

Education, market activity (Logistic Regression) chategories 2000. 2004. 2008. low ref. category 1.666* 1.574* education middle 1.406* 2.648* 2.685* high 2.269* student ref. catogory 0.591* 0.586* employed 0.577* market - 0.544* activity 0.466* unemployed 0.374 0.359* inactive 0.391* Exp(Beta), * p<.001

Economic position & Residence (Logistic Regression) categories 2000. 2004. 2008. low ref. category 1.132 1.517 low-mid 0.854 economic 1.286 1.813 mid 1.386 position 1.604* 2.214* mid-high 1.942 2.209* 3.077* high 3.098* village ref. category 1.109 1.023 town 1.064* size of residency 1.273* 1,033 county town 1.434* 1.437* 1.429* capital 0.726* Exp(Beta), * p<.001

SPORTS 2000. (N=2497) 2004. (N=3165) 1. Football 20.5 23.0 2. Aerobics 14.4 7.8 3. Cycling 8.9 12.4 4. Bodybuilding 8.0 8.6 5. Jogging 6.6 9.7 6. Home exercise 4.9 4.2 Swimming 7. 4.8 4.5 Basketball 8. 4.4 5.8 Handball 9. 3.0 3.1 Track&Field 10. 2.9 1.1 Dance 11. 2.5 2.8 Karate 12. 2.0 1.8 Horseriding 13. 1.4 1.1 Tennis 14. 1.4 2.1 % Volleyball 15. 1.0 1.4

SPORTS - GENDER  Males: 2000 2004 1 Football Football 2 Bodybuilding Cycling 3 Cycling Bodybuilding 4 Running Running, jogging 5 Basketball basketball 2000 2004  Females 1 Aerobics Aerobics 2 Home exercise Cycling/Home exercise 3 Cycling Running 4 Running Bodybuilding 5 Swimming Swimming

NEW SPORTS  roller blading  mountain biking  snowboarding  walking  home bicycle  exercise for the pregnant  Brazilian dance  zumba  baseball  American football

SPORT CLUB MEMBERSHIP 2000. 2004. 2008. Sport club member 5,5 - 1,6 Sport club member, men 4,5 - 1,1 Sport club member female 1,0 - 0,5 %

SUMMARY 1.  Sport remained gendered and mainly serviced those who are students  Over the decade: The role of cultural capital in the year of 2000. The role of economic capital in the year of 2008. Country-side cities has increased participation New sports emerged Trends of individualisation in the choice of sports

SUMMARY 2. YOUTH SPORT  New generations  Traditional thinking  New life style  Traditional acting  New tastes  Elite athletism  Postmodernism  Paternalism It is suggested that the present structure and offers of sport does not meet the needs of new youth generations!

Thank you for your attention !