Possible future RD&D activities arising from project experience Jochen Lambauer Liliana Oprea, Carsten Mohr, Jochen Zumpe
Agenda The Fichtner Group Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code Conclusions in regard to possible RD&D activities
The Fichtner Group Established in 1922 and family-owned ever since Germany’s biggest independent engineering and consultancy enterprise Approximately 1800 employees worldwide – 500 in our Home Office Project experience in more than 160 countries Over 1200 ongoing projects – 500 of these in our Home Office Total turnover of € 260 million in 2012 Capital investment volume now under planning in the home office: € 106 billion – of which some € 26 billion is in renewable energies 3
Fichtner's Areas of Activity Energy Energy economics • conventional power plants • renewables • district heating • energy transmission and distribution • I&C and power system technology • smart grids • electric mobility • energy management • oil & gas Environment Environmental management • environmental information systems • environmental studies • permit management and strategy • environmental protection technologies • soil and water protection • air pollution control • emissions trading • waste management Water & Infrastructure Total water management • drinking water supply and sanitation • seawater desalination • integrated infrastructure concepts • site development • traffic, transportation and civil engineering • mining and mineral economics Consulting & IT Studies • organization and strategy consultancy • privatizations • project management • financial modeling • infrastructure management • IT consultancy and services • geo -solutions 4
Agenda Fichtner Group Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code Conclusions in regard to possible RD&D activities
Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms Introduction Targets of the Energy Concept by Federal Government • Reduction of the GHG emissions by at least 80% by 2050 • Energy supply by renewable sources to at east 80% by 2050 • Reduction of the energy consumption by increase in energy efficiency and energy savings Main share in the renewable energy production – off-shore wind farms Renewable energy Nuclear energy Fossil fuels and others 6 Source: Federal Office for Statistics
Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms Need for off-shore grid connection Challenges in implementation of the energy concept • Up to 11 000 MW installed capacity in off- shore wind farms is planned to be constructed in the North-Sea by 2023 (Scenario B in the Off-Shore Network Development Plan 2013) • Network connection of the off-shore wind farms to the grid is one key for the success of the implementation of the energy concept 7 Source: O-NEP, March 2013, www.netzentwicklungsplan.de
Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms HVAC versus HVDC connections of off-shore wind farms HVAC transmission connection includes: • Off-shore substation • Submarine cable connection (cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable) • On-shore underground cable/ overhead line HVAC HVAC connection transmission network Offshore Onshore 150 kV 380 kV 33 kV Offshore HVAC S/S 150 kV Wind farm 8
Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms HVAC versus HVDC connections of off-shore wind farms Key issue for HVAC transmission - distance to be covered by the submarine cable • Critical distance is achieved when half of the reactive current produced by the cable is equal to the nominal current 9 Source: N. Barberis Negra et al: Loss evaluation of HVAC and HVDC Transmission Solutions for large Off-Shore Wind Farms (2005)
Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms HVAC versus HVDC connections of off-shore wind farms HVDC transmission connection includes: • Off-shore converter terminal • HVDC submarine cable • HVDC on-shore underground cable • On-shore converter terminal HVDC HVAC transmission transmission network Offshore Onshore 150 kV 380 kV 33 kV Offshore HVAC S/S Wind farm 10
Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms HVAC versus HVDC connections of off-shore wind farms Comparison between HVAC and VSC based HVDC connections for large off-shore wind farms HVAC HVDC VSC Requirements Black start capability Yes Yes Active and reactive power control Limited Full Offshore station in operation Yes In commissioning phase Decoupling of connected networks No Yes Space requirements off-shore substation Low Moderate Losses High Low Cost Low High HVDC connections for long distances High investment costs for HVDC connection Projects needs to be well planned Demand for integrated system studies 11
Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms HVDC connections Integrated system studies • Many parts of the integrated systems studies are the same like in case of integration of an on- shore wind farm or even a conventional power plant • Dynamic stability studies are required in order to assess the impact of the wind generation on the transmission system performance • Special studies are required in order to demonstrate the compliance of the off-shore wind farm with the requirements of the grid code • Special design studies are needed for HVDC interconnection in the project specification phase Project implementation issues • A smooth implementation of grid connection projects requires: Close coordination of all parties/stakeholders involved Common understanding of the required goals to be achieved 12
Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms Project Implementation Structure On-shore T On-shore On-shore R substation substation substation A I N Permitting I N S Land cable N Land cable Land cable Authorities T M T E I E R S HSE R S HSE HSE F S F U on-shore on-shore on-shore A C I A B O C O C C Grid Grid N E Grid N E O components T components components N R C Regulator S C T A O Y R O (BNA) Wadden sea Wadden sea Wadden sea C O S O A cable cable cable T R T R C O D E T D R Off-shore I M Off-shore I O Off-shore N cable N R cable cable A O A S Federal T P T Off-shore Off-shore Off-shore I E Maritime and I substation substation O substation R O Hydrography N A N Agency T HSE HSE HSE O off-shore off-shore off-shore R Certification bodies (e.g. GL, DNV) 13
Agenda The Fichtner Group Implementation experience with grid connection of off-shore wind farms Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code Conclusions in regard to possible RD&D activities
Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code Why do we need Grid Codes for Renewable Energy? Development of electricity generation from renewable energy sources in Germany Billion kWh (in brackets share on total electricity demand in %) January 2012: 3. Amendment Photovoltaic of EEG Biomass August 2004: Wind 1.Amendment of EEG Hydro January 2009: April 2000: Renewable Energy Act (EEG) 2. Amendment becomes operative of EEG 1991: Enacting of Act on the Sale of Electricity to the Grid (Str.EG) 15 Source: Agentur für Erneuerbare Energien
Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code Lessons learned: New Grid Code requirements for Renewable Energy Feed-in Management e.g. Remote Control for the TSO to reduce active power Static voltage stability Reactive power and voltage static stability New Grid Frequency stability Code e.g. Active power reduction in Requirements case of over-frequency Dynamic voltage stability e.g. LVRT-proberties (low voltage ride through) Generation Management e.g. closed loop reactive and active power control Target: Renewable Energies have to meet grid system services on HV, MV and LV 16
Certification of Renewable Energy facilities according to the Grid code Example of fault ride through capability of wind turbines in National Grid Codes Fault ride through capability have to be in accordance with the grid topology, voltage level and power plants Development of an EU Grid Code: European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (entsoe) 17 Source: Florin Iov, Anca Daniela Hansen, Poul Sørensen, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis, 2007: Mapping of grid faults and grid codes
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