Population, language, ethnicity and socio ‐ economic aspects of education f d Michelle vonAhn, Ruth Lupton and Dick Wiggins
Aims of the fellowship � Analyse and map distribution of language across London London � What issues does this raise? � Conduct some preliminary analysis between language and attainment g g � Analyse the relationship between language, ethnicity and socio ‐ economic indicators � Provide guidance and training on the ways P id id d i i h language data may be used with other data to answer social and educational research questions
A big issue in London g
Updating Multilingual Capital p g g p Published in 2000 Published in 2000, using pupil data from 1999 to identify and 1999 to identify and map languages in London
Pupil data p 1999 2008 Pupils Pupils >850 000 attending >850,000, attending >1 100 000 resident in >1,100,000, resident in state schools in London London, attending a state school Languages >350, including dialects 322 categories collected, and variants 239 without variants Geography Boroughs mainly, some Boroughs and MSOAs postcodes Missing data Missing data Bromley and Havering Bromley and Havering Variable data collection Variable data collection did not collect data – between schools and local synthetic data used authorities But data collection variability makes comparison difficult…
Language data ambiguity Categories include: % of London total Missing data 0.6% Not obtained 0.4% Classification pending 0.3% Refused 0.1% Other language 0.4% Other than English 4.5% Believed to be other than English 1.3% Believed to be English 0.8% Total ambiguous g 8.4%
Ambiguous language Borough B h T t l Total pupils il % ambiguous % bi Westminster 16,086 27.9% Brent 43,120 21.1% Waltham Forest 38,500 15.6% Haringey 35,056 14.5% Hounslow 35,203 14.0% Newham 50,402 12.4% … Havering 33,526 2.5% Ealing g 46,511 , 2.3%
Data inconsistency Some languages have variants, which are not consistently used within a S l h i t hi h t i t tl d ithi local authority or across London, e.g. Bengali Bengali Panjabi Panjabi Arabic Arabic Chinese Chinese Bengali (Any other) Panjabi (Any other) Arabic (Any other) Chinese (Any other) Bengali (Sylheti) Panjabi (Gurmukhi) Arabic (Algeria) Chinese (Cantonese) Bengali (Chittagong/Noakhali) Panjabi (Mirpuri) Arabic (Iraq) Chinese (Hokkien/Fujianese) Panjabi (Pothwari) Arabic (Morocco) Chinese (Hakka) Arabic (Sudan) Chinese (Mandarin/Putonghua) Arabic (Yemen)
Language classification Asian Asian Asian African Africa Africa European European Unspeci ‐ International/ Other Transnational (South) (East) (W/C) (North) (West) (E/C/S) Union Other fied Albanian/ Caribbean Bengali Bengali Chinese Chinese Turkish Turkish Somali Somali Yoruba Yoruba Lingala Lingala Greek Greek Arabic Arabic Shqip h Creoles l Viet ‐ Persian/ Akan/ Swahili/ Oceania/ Urdu Tigrinya Italian Russian French namese Farsi Twi ‐ Fante Kiswahili S/C America Serbian/ Dutch/ Dutch/ Portu ‐ Portu Panjabi Japanese Kurdish Amharic Igbo Luganda Crotian/ Flemish guese Bosnian Pashto/ Gujarati Korean Other Other Shona German Other Spanish Pakhto Tagalog/ Tamil Other Other Polish Filipino Hindi Other Lithuanian >5000 pupils Malayalam Other Nepali Other
Geography • Comparative counts not possible with boroughs due to differences in size differences in size • Wards and postcodes also differ in population size • Percentage comparisons are problematic due to data capture variability • New statistical geographies ‐ Super Output Areas LSOA LSOA MSOA SOA 4765 in London 983 in London Ab About 1500 people 1500 l Ab About 7500 people 7500 l
LSOA map
MSOA map
English and Believed to be English
English and Believed to be English
Patterns of clustering Patterns of clustering and dispersal and dispersal
South Asian languages
Bengali London = 46,681
Urdu London = 29,354
Panjabi London = 20,998 London = 20,998
Gujarati London = 19,572
Tamil London = 16,386
Persian/Farsi London = 6,959
Chinese London = 5,905
Migration patterns over time g p � Annual data could show change (if data is collected in a robust way) robust way) � Established or magnet communities � Recent arrivals i l
Turkish London = 16,778
Greek London = 3,336
Polish London = 11,035
Lithuanian London = 2,974
Somali London = 27,126
Somali numbers have increased but have increased, but their distribution has also become more dispersed
Language is not always enough � French speakers � F h k � Spanish speakers S i h k � 17% White � 35% White � 57% Black � 57% Black � 4% Black 4% Bl k � 26% Other � 61% Other � Arabic speakers � Portuguese speakers � 57% Other � 57% Other � 54% White 4% Whi � 15% Black � 19% Black � 10% Mixed 10% Mixed � 27% Other � 27% Other � 9% White � 8% Asian
French by ethnic group London = 13,020
French has an east ‐ west distribution by y ethnic group
Spanish by ethnic group London = 8,647
White Spanish speakers are more likely to be from are more likely to be from Europe, while Other Spanish are probably from p p y Central and Latin America
Language, ethnicity and attainment g g , y � How are ethnicity and language related? Can we create � How are ethnicity and language related? Can we create useful ethnicity/language categories? � How is language related to attainment? Does ethnicity/ l language tell us more than ethnicity on its own? t ll th th i it it ?
Average points at Key Stage 2 by Ethnic Group (London 2008)
Linguistic Breakdown for Selected Lower Attaining Groups Bangladeshi Black ‘other’ Language L N N % f t t l % of total Language L N % f N % of total l English/Believed to be Bengali 3725 92% English 1097 66% Ot e t a Other than English g s 205 05 5% 5% F French h 86 86 5% 5% Believed to be English 69 2% Other than English 68 4% Others ( 10 or less Portuguese 61 4% each) each) 47 47 1% 1% Yoruba 57 3% Somali 49 3% Arabic 37 2% Akan 30 2% Swahili variants 18 1% Creoles and Pidgins g 14 1% Lingala 14 1% Unknown 12 1% Others (10 or less each) Others (10 or less each) 118 118 7% 7%
Linguistic Breakdown for Selected Lower Attaining Groups Black African White ‘other’ Language Language N N % of total % of total Language Language N N % of total % of total English/ English/ Believed to be English 2481 25% Believed to be English 1887 26% Turkish Turkish 1184 1184 16% 16% Somali Somali 2079 2079 21% 21% Polish 757 11% Yoruba 1245 13% Albanian/Shqip 559 8% Akan 682 7% Portuguese 505 7% French 502 5% Greek 263 4% Lingala 259 3% Spanish Spanish 199 199 3% 3% Igbo Igbo 220 220 2% 2% Lithuanian 237 3% Arabic 181 2% French 116 2% Swahili variants 183 2% Italian 151 2% Luganda 112 1% Arabic 119 2% Portuguese 131 1% Serbian/Croatian/Bosnian Serbian/Croatian/Bosnian 100 100 1% 1% Russian 107 1%
Di Diversity in the ‘Black African’ group it i th ‘Bl k Af i ’ � Higher attaining � Lower attaining
Yoruba London = 13,961
Igbo London = 2,837
Akan/Twi/Fante London = 8,117
Somali London = 27,126
Di Diversity in the ‘white other’ group it i th ‘ hit th ’ � Higher attaining � Lower attaining
Next stages � How are ethnicity/language categories related to socio ‐ economic status? economic status? � Explore FSM, IDACI, using London ASC � Matching to local authority data (e g housing benefits � Matching to local authority data (e.g. housing benefits, Council tax band) for wider indicators, for a case study Borough (Newham) Borough (Newham) � How are ethnicity/language/attainment relationships � How are ethnicity/language/attainment relationships affected by interacting them with SES data?
Data matching Attainment and and language Council data Tax GP register of patients GP register of patients LLPG Housing addresses addresses benefit benefit Electoral PLASC Register (FSM) ( )
� Michelle vonAhn � Email: michelle.von.ahn@newham.gov.uk E il i h ll h @ h k � Tel: 020 3373 1659 � Ruth Lupton � Email: r.lupton@lse.ac.uk � Tel: 0207 849 4910
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