Population Ageing in Asia-Pacific: challenges and opportunities - PDF document

04/03/2019 Population Ageing in Asia-Pacific: challenges and opportunities Sabine Henning, Ph.D. Chief Sustainable Demographic Transition Section Social Development Division 1st COUNCIL ON AGEING Ankara, Turkey, 20-22 February 2019 1 Older persons: many faces of one of the major achievements of development 2 1

04/03/2019 Population ageing: a major achievement of development (total fertility and life expectancy at birth, world, 1950-2050) Life births per woman (aged 15-49) 7 90 80 6 70 5 60 4 Years 50 40 3 30 2 20 1 10 0 0 Total fertility (births per woman 15-49) Life expectancy at birth (years) Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision - Special Aggregates, DVD Edition; United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). 3 Population ageing: facts and figures (1) (total number of older persons, regions of the world, 1950-2050) Population 60 years or over (millions) 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.1 -0.1 Africa Asia Europe Latin America and the Caribbean Northern America Oceania Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision - Special Aggregates, DVD Edition; United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). 4 2

04/03/2019 Population ageing: facts and figures (2) total (percentage of older persons, regions of the world, 1950-2050) 35 Population 60 years or older as percentage of 30 25 total population 20 15 10 5 0 Africa Asia Europe Latin America and the Caribbean Northern America Oceania Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision - Special Aggregates, DVD Edition; United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). 5 The speed of population ageing is rapid in countries in Asia-Pacific (number of years required or expected for percent of population aged 65 or over to rise from 7 to 14 per cent) France (1865-1980) 115 Sweden (1890-1975) 85 Australia (1938-2011) 73 United States (1944-2013) 69 Canada (1944-2009) 65 Hungary (1944-1994) 53 United Kingdom (1930-1975) 45 Spain (1947-1992) 45 Poland (1966-2011) 45 Japan (1970-1996) 26 Turkey (2010-2035) 25 Brazil (2010-2035) 25 China (2005-2025) 20 Years Republic of Korea (2000-2020) 20 Singapore (2000-2015) 15 Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision - Special Aggregates, DVD Edition; United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017) and US Census Bureau (2009). An Ageing World: 2008. 6 3

04/03/2019 Population ageing: a major achievement of development (total fertility and life expectancy at birth, Asia-Pacific, 1950-2020) Life births per woman (aged 15-49) 6 90 80 5 70 4 60 Years 50 3 40 2 30 20 1 10 0 0 1950-1955 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975 1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000 2000-2005 2005-2010 2010-2015 2015-2020 2020-2025 2025-2030 2030-2035 2035-2040 2040-2045 2045-2050 2050-2055 Total fertility (births per woman 15-45) Life expectancy at birth (years) Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision - Special Aggregates, DVD Edition; United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). 7 Population pyramid: Asia-Pacific, 2000 100+ 95-99 90-94 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 -10 -5 0 5 10 Percentage Female, 2000 Male, 2000 Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision - Special Aggregates, DVD Edition; United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). 8 4

04/03/2019 Population pyramids: Asia-Pacific, 2000, 2015 100+ 95-99 90-94 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 -10 -5 0 5 10 Percentage Female, 2015 Male, 2015 Female, 2000 Male, 2000 Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision - Special Aggregates, DVD Edition; United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). 9 Population pyramids: Asia-Pacific, 2000, 2015, 2050 100+ 95-99 90-94 85-89 80-84 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 -10 -5 0 5 10 Percentage Female, 2050 Male, 2050 Female, 2015 Male, 2015 Female, 2000 Male, 2000 Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision - Special Aggregates, DVD Edition; United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). 10 5

04/03/2019 Just five countries accounted for half of the world’s population aged 60 years or over in All other areas 2017 Turkey 1000 Ukraine Republic of Korea Number of persons aged 60 years or over 900 Viet Nam Thailand Spain 800 Bangladesh Mexico Pakistan 700 United Kingdom France Italy 600 (thousands) Indonesia Germany Russian 500 Brazil Russian Federation Federation Japan Japan 400 United States of America USA India China 300 India 200 100 China 0 Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision - Special Aggregates, DVD Edition; United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). 11 Women comprise the majority of older persons, Asia-Pacific, 2019 (percentage of older men and women in the total population by age group) 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94 95-99 100+ 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percentage Female Male Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision - Special Aggregates, DVD Edition; United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). 12 6

04/03/2019 Older women are �. • more likely to live alone • less likely to have an income, own property, have a pension • facing problems accessing services (health, housing etc.) • more likely to be subject to neglect and abuse 13 The older population is increasingly concentrated in urban areas, 2000 and 2015 Percentage residing in urban areas World 90 89 Oceania 83 82 82 81 81 81 78 Northern America 77 77 76 72 72 68 68 Latin America and 63 the Caribbean 58 56 Europe 53 51 49 Asia 38 37 37 36 Africa 31 30 2000 2015 2000 2015 POPULATION AGED POPULATION AGED 60 OR OVER 80 OR OVER Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Population Ageing 2017 (ST/ESA/SER.A/408). 14 7

04/03/2019 Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA) Global guiding document on population ageing Priority direction: A. Older persons and development; B. Advancing health and well-being into old age; C. Ensuring enabling and supportive environments. 15 Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing (MIPAA) - Timeline 1982 – Vienna International Plan of Action on Ageing 2002 – Adoption of MIPAA • 2007 – 1 s t Asia-Pacific Review of MIPAA in China: Macao Outcome Document 1 st • 2008 – 1 st Global Review of MIPAA at the 45 th and 46 th CSD sessions Review • 2012 – 2 nd Asia-Pacific Review of MIPAA in Thailand: Bangkok Statement 2 nd • 2013 – 2 nd Global Review of MIPAA at the 49 th CSD session Review • 2017 – 3 rd Asia-Pacific Review of MIPAA in Bangkok 3 rd • 2018 – 3 rd Global Review of MIPAA at 52 nd CSD session Review 2021/2022 ???? 16 8

04/03/2019 MIPAA and 2030 Agenda •The 2030 Agenda is a holistic agenda - emphasizing the need to leave no-one behind •MIPAA and the 2030 Agenda are complimentary - MIPAA provides a more detailed action plan and will support the 2030 Agenda 17 Challenges of population ageing to be addressed by policy options SDG 1 – no poverty SDG 2 – end hunger SDG 3 – healthy lives at all ages SDG 5 – gender equality for all women SDG 8 – inclusive and sustainable economic growth , full and productive employment and decent work for all SDG 10 – reduce inequalities Goal 11 – sustainable cities � Social protection, including financing � Gender equality and empowerment of women � Non-discriminiation � Accessibility � Preventive and long-term health care 18 9

04/03/2019 Pension schemes in Asia-Pacific, latest available data 19 What ESCAP is doing � • Supporting MIPAA review • Population ageing an ICTs • Capacity-building on measuring population ageing • Active ageing index • Capacity-building on pensions • Research and analysis on levels and trends in population ageing • Etc. 20 10

04/03/2019 Population ageing agenda is an agenda for all generations 21 THANK YOU! hennings@un.org WWW.UNESCAP.ORG UNESCAP UNESCAP UNESCAP UNITEDNATIONSESCAP UNITEDNATIONSESCAP 22 11