Planning enforcement What does it mean to do what we do? Scott - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Planning enforcement – What does it mean to do what we do? Scott Britnell - MSc 2nd year student “Urban Planning”

Running order • Background • The origins of planning • Justice(s) in planning • Arcadia • Case study 1 : I can see clearly now... • Case study 2: Yes, in my back yard! • What is it you think you are doing when you are doing it? • Conclusions

Background • Planning as a means of wealth creation • Emergence of neo-liberalism • Revanchism • The role of people in planning • Skeffington Report 1969 • The utopian vision of the 1947 Act • Why we do what we do on a human level • Planning as part of the human condition

The human condition... The Human Condition – Rene Magritte (1933)

Activity and influence

The origins of planning Hippodamus (Greek – 5 th Century BC) • Architect • City Planner • Hippodamium Plan (Grid of right angles) • Public and private space allocated • Ordered • Uniformed • Disciplined Ancient China • Chang’an City – Tang Dynasty 7 th century AD • Regional Planning 200 BC • Strategic • Centrally controlled • Growth of cities break strict grid rules • Economically flourishing

The industrial revolution

The industrial revolution • Rapid urban growth • Mass migration from rural areas to expanding cities • Little sanitation • Squalor • High mortality rates • Poor working conditions • Child Labour • Poor living conditions • Labour Movement • Welfare Reforms

The origin of species a better way • Not always a battle of the fittest • Founded in the basic human instinct to protect and nurture • To create a better life • Evolved to seek better places - utopia • The freedoms and enjoyment of the individual • Building communities • Protecting what is instinctively important • Ensuring equality • Delivering justice

The planning laws... Town Planning Act 1909 • Housing Act 1919 • Housing Act 1930 • Town and Country Planning Act 1932 • Restriction of Ribbon Development Act 1935 • The Town and Country Planning Act 1947 • 1990: The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 • 1991: The Planning and Compensation Act 1991 • The Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 • The Planning Act 2008 • Localism Act 2011 • Compiled from Planning Help (2015)

Justice(s) in planning • Social justice • Environmental justice • Economic justice • Cultural Justice

Just/Unjust places UPGRD (2015)

Arcadia Jaywick, Essex (Wrekin’ Blog 2015)

We need to do something... • Small holdings used to build holiday homes • Rural /coastal areas • No planned infrastructure • Often old railway coaches, shed s and chalets • Became upgraded overtime • Holiday homes became retirement homes • Developments became permanent suburban settlements • Some are now gone • Others remain – occupants have fought against the system Colin Ward (2015)

Case study 1 – Sandbanks Tree • 40ft protected Scots Pine tree felled • Unlawful under the cover of night • Created uninterrupted views of Poole Harbour and Corfe Castle • Added 000’s to the price of the neighbouring property • Fine of £75,000 • Proceeds of Crime £50,000 • Fine to make sure there was no chance the transgressor would ever profit from his actions Above: Owner with the remaining tree stump (The Telegraph (2012)

Question 1: - How should breaches of planning control be punished?

Case study 2 – Mr Churchill’s Shed Winston Churchill’s secret war room

The issues • Needs to be moved for access to garage • No views from the public realm • No-one visits it • No-one will know its gone • Looks like a normal shed • No special architectural features • Listed due to social importance • The LPA will not permit its removal • Individual’s rights -v- wider society

Question 2: - Who decides what is important and how?

Question 3 – What is it you think you are doing when you are doing it?

Conclusions These are yours not mine

A final vision... “I had a dream, which was not all a dream. The bright sun was extinguish'd, and the stars Did wander darkling in the eternal space, Rayless, and pathless, and the icy earth Swung blind and blackening in the moonless air; Morn came and went--and came, and brought no day, And men forgot their passions in the dread Of this their desolation; and all hearts Were chill'd into a selfish prayer for light” Darkness , Lord Byron (1816) Lines 1 – 9

References Boundless.com ( 2015) Hippodamus, [online], Available from https://www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/boundless-art-history-textbook/ancient- greece-6/the-high-classical-period-66/urban-planning-344-10749/ (accessed 23 April 2015) Lord Byron (1816) Darkness, [online], Available from http://mural.uv.es/perova/byron.html (accessed 27 April 2015) Daily Echo (2012) Axed tree costs man record £125,000, [online], Available from http://www.bournemouthecho.co.uk/news/10068984.Axed_tree_costs_man_record___125 _000/?ref=arc (accessed 26 April 2015) Lahanas, Michael (2015) Plan of Miletus, [online], Available from www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/CityPlan.htm (accessed 23 April 2015) Magritte, Rene (1933) The Human Condition, [online], Available from http://www.renemagritte.org/the-human-condition.jsp#prettyPhoto (accessed 27 April 2015)

The Neat (2015) Picture of Death at the Pump, [online], Available from https://industrialrevolution.wordpress.com/2009/11/12/housing/ (Accessed 24 April 2015) Planning Help ( 2015) History of Planning Dates, [online], Available from http://planninghelp.cpre.org.uk/planning-explained/history-of-the-planning-system (accessed 26 April 2015) Rrojasdatabank (2015) Urban Planning and Management in China p 70 - 71 , [online], Available from http://www.rrojasdatabank.info/citieschina1011-6.pdf (accessed 22 April 2015) The Telegraph (2012) Sandbanks Tree Photograph, [online], Available from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/7849469/Tree-blocking-view-felled-during-the- night.html (accessed 26 April 2015) Thoughts from West 5 (2015) Lowry Painting, [online] Available from http://tfw5.com/2013/06/26/lowry-at-the-tate-britain/ (accessed 24 April 2015) UPGRD (2015) The Hillsborough Memorial, [online], Available from http://upgrd.com/regionalfirst/exploring-liverpool.html (accessed 28 April l2015) Ward, Colin (2015) The hidden history of housing, [online], Available from http://www.historyandpolicy.org/policy-papers/papers/the-hidden-history-of-housing (accessed 27 April 2015)