Physiological mechanisms linking climate to ecosystem change, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Physiological mechanisms linking climate to ecosystem change, investigated in populations of the lugworm Arenicola marina Mareike Schröer H.-U. Steeger, C. Bock, R. Paul, H.-O. Pörtner 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Model organism after F. Krüger 1971 The lugworm Arenicola marina beside it‘s burrow Longitudinal section of the burrow 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Latitudinal Seasonal and adaptation acclimatization • How does it work? • Is adaptation to climate change possible? 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Populations White Sea: Kartesh Atlantic: La Hume North Sea: Dorum-Neufeld 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Latitudinal Seasonal and adaptation acclimatisation • How does it work? • Is adaptation to climate change possible? 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Seasonal comparisons in the same population North Sea Summer Winter 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Balance of oxygen demand and supply ventilation haemoglobin circulation tissue oxygenation cellular respiration demand supply 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Mismatch of oxygen demand and supply demand supply temperature solution 2 solution 1 decrease demand supply demand supply increase temperature temperature 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Temperature thresholds and performance • T p : pejus temperatures Oxygen T p T p : loss of performance oxygen supply limit limited aerobic decreasing blood oxygenation T c T c : anaerobiosis scope blood • T c : critical temperatures (steady oxygenation state) metabolism turns anaerobic anaerobic metabolism survival time limited unless 0 Temperature acclimatization occurs optimum As seen in fishes (Pörtner and Knust, Rate of SCIENCE, in press), long-term warming aerobic beyond pejus temperatures perfor- mance => reduced performance (growth, reproduction, muscle exercise,...) 0 => ecological consequences: Temperature • decreased abundance After: Pörtner et al. 2004 • local extinction Performance curve: oxygen supply • shift in distribution budget above basic metabolism 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Balance of oxygen demand and supply ventilation haemoglobin circulation tissue oxygenation cellular respiration demand supply 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Oxygen consumption T p T p T c T c 0 ? North Sea optimum 0 Temperature Thermal tolerance window: temperature range with exponential rise in oxygen consumption according to Q 10 relationship Winter: 2-8°C widening Spring: 2-17°C widening and shift Summer: 5-24°C 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Balance of oxygen demand and supply ventilation haemoglobin circulation tissue oxygenation cellular respiration demand supply 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

T p T p Ventilation 10 T c T c ) 2 8 0 6 optimum 4 2 winter consumption ( 0 North Sea 2 spring O Temperature 0 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 temperature (°C) if •Oxygen extraction efficiency: pumped water 25 volume for provision of 1 � mol O 2 ) 2 20 •minimum of this curve: minimal costs and optimal efficiency => performance optimum? 15 10 •Spring: 8°C shift and widening 5 consumption ( 2 summer •Summer: 9-15°C O 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 temperature (°C) if 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Balance of oxygen demand and supply ventilation haemoglobin circulation tissue oxygenation cellular respiration demand supply 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Haemoglobin properties Temperature in North Sea 20 cm depth Seasonal changes of P 50 (oxygen partial pressure when haemoglobin is half saturated) - increased p 50 in summer - facilitated oxygen release to tissues during reproductive phase (June- September) - effects on performance? 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Balance of oxygen demand and supply ventilation haemoglobin circulation tissue oxygenation cellular respiration demand supply 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

T p T p Tissue oxygenation T c T c 0 optimum 0 Temperature North Sea Summer: 5-25°C, optimum at 15°C corresponds well to oxygen consumption and ventilation data 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Balance of oxygen demand and supply ventilation haemoglobin circulation tissue oxygenation cellular respiration demand supply 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

T p T p Digging activity T c T c Digging activity 0 6 Atlantic optimum Num ber of digging cycles 5 North Sea with average < 10 m in 4 0 White Sea Temperature 3 North Sea data correspond well to 2 oxygen consumption, 1 ventilation and tissue oxygenation data. 0 3 7 11 15 19 23 27 Summer Tem perature ( °C) White Sea: � T=16°C, optimum at 11°C North Sea: same width, optimum at 15°C, lower performance curve Atlantic: optimum at 23°C, performance curve lower, but wider window 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Balance of oxygen demand and supply ventilation haemoglobin circulation tissue oxygenation cellular respiration demand supply 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

T p T p Protein biosynthesis (= growth?) T c T c Tem perature dep endent protein biosynthesis 0 40 optimum Atlantic Sum m er : after 4 h Spring : after 4 h 35 Winter : after 4 h 30 I ncorporated 1 3 C- phe ( nm ol / m g protein) 0 25 Temperature 20 15 10 5 0 - 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Tem perat ure ( ° C) Atlantic: Protein synthesis detectable in spring shift highest synthesis performance in summer 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

W hite Sea Summary arrows = optima summer 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Tem perature (° C) North Sea winter spring summer 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Tem perature (° C) Atlantic Thermal tolerance windows: spring - seasonal shifts and changing width summer - latitudinal specialization 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Tem perature (° C) 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Conclusions ventilation optimum haemoglobin Rate of aerobic circulation perfor- mance tissue oxygenation cellular respiration 0 supply demand Temperature � The investigated processes show capacities Atlantic for seasonal acclimatization to regain balance in oxygen demand and supply. � Climate change: application of the same mechanisms! � Southernmost populations: Have they 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 reached their adaptation limits? Tem perature (° C) 3 rd AQUASHIFT workshop - WESTFÄLISCHE WILHELMS- UNIVERSITÄT November 14-16, 2006, Kiel MÜNSTER

Thank you for your Questions? attention! Comments? Acknowledgements: Biological Stations - Kartesh (Russia) - Arcachon (France) Diploma students - A. Wittmann - V. Nießing - E. Laturnus - N. Grüner Technicians - R. Wittig - T. Hirse - B. Klein Student apprentice - J. Saphörster