See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320345277 Physics of Cold Fusion by TSC Theory ICCF17 slides Presentation · August 2012 CITATIONS READS 0 74 1 author: Akito Takahashi Osaka University 342 PUBLICATIONS 1,675 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Leading the Japanese Gvt NEDO project on anomalous heat effect of nano-metal and hydrogen gas interaction View project Nuclear Data and Neutronics for DT Fusion Reactors View project All content following this page was uploaded by Akito Takahashi on 12 October 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
show Physics of Cold Fusion by TSC Theory Akito Takahashi (Osaka University and Technova Inc.) Invited talk at ICCF17, Daejeon, Korea, August 12-17, 2012 1 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
show Outline of presentation • Model principle of cold fusion processes in nano-metal mesoscopic catalysts (Pd, Ni, alloys) are proposed and discussed • Brief show on modeling transient/dynamic D(H)- cluster formation on/in a nano-metal particle with surface sub-nano-holes (SNH) • comparison is made between 4D/TSC and 4H/TSC condensation motions and resultant strong and weak nuclear interactions. • 4D/TSC fusion, 4H/TSC WS fusion and their products • 4H/TSC induced clean fission of host metal nuclei 2 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
The Case of Hot Plasma Fusion • Confinement of high kinetic energy deuterons (plasma) in a very large scale (torus) room , like Tokamak magnetic field confinement. • Average kinetic energy of d-d (or d-t) reaction for ITER is aimed to be about 10keV (E k ). • <Macroscopic Fusion Rate> = < N d (E k ) 2 v σ dd (E k )> Gamow-Teller peak N d : deuteron density , v: relative d-d velocity, σ dd = (S(E k )/E k )exp(- Γ dd ): fusion cross section , E k : relative d-d kinetic energy Γ dd : Gamow factor • Free particle motion and collision process: N d (E k ) = N ∙ (E k /T 2 )exp(-E k /T) : Maxwell-Boltzmann distr. 3 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
Cold Fusion: Confinement of High KE D-cluster in a extremely microscopic domain Feature of QM Electron Cloud show R B = 53 pm Electron center; <e>=(e ↑ + e ↓ )/2 Bohr orbit of D (H) │ r Ψ 100 │ 2 Deuteron a) D atom (stable) Orbit of Bosonized Electron coupling Bosonized electron For (e ↑ + e ↓ ) Center torus for (e ↑ + e ↓ ) c) Tetrahedral Symmetric Condensate A B c) 4D/TSC (life time about 60 fs) ( TSC ) at t = 0 → TBEC 73 pm b) D 2 molecule (stable): Ψ 2D =(2+2 Δ ) -1/2 [ Ψ 100 (r A1 ) Ψ 100 (r B2 )+ Ψ 100 (r A2 ) Ψ 100 (r B1 )] Χ s ( S1,S2 ) 4 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
show A TEM Image of a Pd 35 Zr 65 sample made by melt-spinning procedure (By courtesy of Prof. T. Oku , University of Shiga Prefecture) As a reference to the B. Ahern’s Pd sample Pd 111 ZrO 2 011 000 10 nm 5 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
The Making of Mesoscopic Catalyst Meso- Catalyst: as Core/”Incomplete” -Shell Structure Mono-Metal (with oxide-surface layer) Or Binary Alloy Ceramics Supporter (ZrO 2 , zeolite, γ -Al 2 O 3 , etc.) 6 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
show Another D 2 comes onto trapped D 2 at SNH ( Sub-Nano Hole) D 2 molecule Octahedral Sites: D 2 Deuterium Oxygen Fractal Trapping points Palladium Kinetic Energy of CF by A. Takahashi 7 AT ICCF17 TSC theory 7
SNHs are prepared by O-reduction to start D(H) absorption (left) And D(H)/M loading ratio exceeds 1.0 level (right) D(H)-atom D(H)-atom Ni-atom; r 0 = 0.138 nm Ni-atom; r 0 = 0.138 nm Pd-atom; r 0 =0.152 nm Pd-atom; r 0 =0.152 nm 2nm diameter Pd 1 Ni 7 particle 2nm diameter Pd 1 Ni 7 particle D 2 molecule D 2 molecule SNH SNH D(H)/M > 1.0 D(H)/M < 1.0 8 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
show JCF-11, 2011 Image on Formation of TSC(t=0) at Sub-Nano-Hole (SNH) Of Nano ( Mesoscopic) Catalyst Surface level Pd or Ni TSC(t=0) H or D trapped first H or D trapped second Deeper level Pd or Ni Pd or Ni 9 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
show Speculative image of GMPW (Global Mesoscopic Potential Well) For CNZ (Cu-Ni-ZrO2) and PNS (Pd-Ni-SiO2) nano-composite powder + D(H) absorption and TSC (tetrahedral symmetric condensate) D 2 H 2 Bloch potential of Ni-lattice Endothermic Reaction Edissoc. T< Tc ( 200̊ C for CuNi nano-particle) T>Tc (100C for PdNi nano-particle) E = kT SNH: Exothermic Reaction Heat Meeting point of Adsorption & T > Tc ( 200̊ C for CuNi nano-particle) Desorption: 4D(H)/TSC T< Tc (100C for PdNi nano-particle Formation AT ICCF17 TSC theory 10
show Every Particle confined in Condensed Matter should have higher Kinetic Energy within its Relatively Negative Trapping Potential Well Phonon couples with outer field phonon to transfer energy To get thermal equilibrium Outer Field Energy Level Two Phonon Excited Sate KE = (2+1/2 ) ħω One Phonon Excited Sate KE = (1+1/2 ) ħω ħω Trapping Ground State (Zero-point Osci.) Potential KE = ħω /2 (32 meV for D in PdD) Well Absolute Zero Degree (0 ºK) 11 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
show FT91 Formation of transient 4D/TSC will be enhanced at around T-sites ： Mesoscopic PdD or NiD 3 D-Cluster Formation Particle in GMPW Probability will be Enhanced at around T-sites, by Non-linear Coupled QM Oscillation Inside GMPW. AT ICCF17 TSC theory 12
ACS2007 show Time Dependent TSC Condensation: No Stable State, but into sub-pm entity Fusion : Elevated KE Interaction Surface With time elapsed, potential becomes deeper and moves to left. 13 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
Fusion Rate Formula by Fermi’s Golden Rule 2 FusionRate W ( r ) f i 2 2 [ V ( r ) iW ( r )] V ( r ) E nr c 2 m Nuclear Potential Coulomb Potential ( r ) ( r ) ( r ) n c Inter-nuclear wave function EM Field wave function Born-Oppenheimer Approximation 14 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
show Fusion Rate Formula by Born-Oppenheimer Approximation 2 FusionRate W ( r ) nf ni cf ci Vn Vn Vn 2 : Effective Volume of Nuclear Strong (Weak) 4 R Interaction Domain n : Compton wave length of pion (1.4 fm) (weak boson: 2.5 am) R n : Radius of Interaction surface of strong (weak) force exchange 15 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
ACS2007 Fusion rate of D-cluster is estimated by time-integration of barrier factors. Skip Coulomb Interaction: Barrier Factor: Weight (within nuclear domain) of Nuclear Strong Interaction: Cluster wave function of outer field Inter-nuclear fusion rate PEF : derivative of One-Pion-Exchange-Potential Charged Pion Exchange (Isospin/Spin) Can be scaled by PEF-value(-), empirically. Astrophysical S-values are estimated for Multi-body hadronic fusion interactions. 16 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
Skip Minus 3 for p-n; fusion 17 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
show Pion Range Interaction Surface 18 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
show ACS2007 The Case of D 2 Molecule: The relative kinetic energy of d-d pair: 2.7eV 3.2x10 4 K Impossible to detect 2 21 W P ( r ) 3 . 04 10 P ( r ) W nd nd 0 nd 0 <Fusion Rate per Molecule> = 2.4x10 -66 f/s 19 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
show ACS2007 The Case of Muonic d-d Molecule: The relative kinetic energy of d-d pair: 180eV 2.16x10 6 K DD fusion Finishes In 200 ps 2 21 W P ( r ) 3 . 04 10 P ( r ) W 0 0 nd nd nd <Fusion Rate per Molecule> = 2.4x10 10 f/s 20 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
show ACS2007 TSC Langevin Equation: 2 2 ( ; , ) d R V R m Z 11 . 85 ( R ' R ) dd s dd dd 6 6 6 . 6 m d 2 4 2 dt R R R dd dd dd Friction Deviation Coulombic By electron From Centripetal Cloud Platonic symmetry Force TSC Trapping Potential: 3 R ' R ( t ) 11 . 85 dd ( ' : ( )) 6 ( ( ); , ) 2 . 2 V R R t V R t m Z tsc dd s dd 4 R ( t ) [ R ( t )] dd dd 21 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
ACS2007 Time Dependent TSC Condensation: No Stable State Fusion : Elevated KE Interaction Surface With time elapsed, potential becomes deeper and moves to left. 22 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
show ACS2007 TSC Condensation Motion; by the Langevin Eq.: Condensation Time = 1.4 fs : SO FAST! TSC Step2 Averaged <f(t)> (2,2) Deuteron Kinetic Energy INCREASES as R dd decreases. 100 Rdd (pm) or Ed (keV) 10 1 Rdd (pm) Ed (keV) 0.1 0.01 0.001 100% 4D Fusion happens 0.0001 And 4D/TSC disappears! 0.00001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 1.4007 (fs) - Time (fs) E d = 13.68 keV at R dd = 24.97 fm, with Vtrap = -130.4 keV 23 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
ACS2007 show The Case of 4D/TSC-min transitory BEC: The relative kinetic energy of d-d pair: 13.7keV 1.6x10 8 K ( , ) exp( ( , )) P m Z n m Z nd dd b ( m , z ) 0 ( m , Z ) 0 . 218 V ( R ; m , Z ) E dR dd s d r 0 t c 1 exp( ( t ) dt ) 4 d 4 d 0 21 23 ( t ) 3 . 04 10 W P ( r ; R ( t )) 1 . 88 10 P ( r ; R ( t )) 4 d 4 d 0 dd 4 d 0 dd <fusion rate per 4D/TSC-min> = 3.7x10 20 f/s ; for steady state Real yield of 4d fusion : η 4d ≈ 1.0 per TSC -cluster Happens in Ca. 2x10 -20 s 24 AT ICCF17 TSC theory
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