Periphyton Periphyton Stormwater Stormwater Treatment Area - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Periphyton Periphyton Stormwater Stormwater Treatment Area Treatment Area (PSTA) Studies - (PSTA) Studies - STA-1E STA-1E Palm Beach County, FL Palm Beach County, FL June 30, 2009 June 30, 2009 Dr. Ronald D. Jones Dr. Ronald D. Jones Portland State University Portland State University Email: jonesrd1@verizon.net Email: jonesrd1@verizon.net Phone: (971) 322-8078 Phone: (971) 322-8078

Agenda Agenda • Introduction and Overview • Mesocosm Results • Field Scale Demonstration • Path Forward 2

PSTA Demonstration STA-1E STA-1E Conceptual Plan to Achieve 10 ppb Phosphorus Calcareous SAV Periphyton Emergent w/ Periphyton (activated) Growth > 200 ppb P - 70ppb P 45-25 ppb P 20 - 30 ppb P 10 ppb P DESIGN SUMMARY 3 low phosphorus substrate

Corps PSTA Natural System Corps PSTA Natural System Seasonal Dryout Seasonal Dryout Repeated (forced) Dryouts Repeated (forced) Dryouts Activated Periphyton Activated Periphyton CYANO DOMI NANT Dry conditions Summer/ Fall CYANO DOMI NANT DI ATOM Extreme conditions DOMI NANT Wet conditions Winter/ Spring

Mesocosm Study Mesocosm Study • Substrate types • Hydraulic retention times • Flow depths • Vegetative community size and sustainability 5

Mesocosm Water Budget Mesocosm Water Budget 1/ 100 foot Feed: depth 1-11 accuracy cms/ day operating depth measured w/ rotameter water budget rainfall and evaporation composite monitoring sampling (2000 hrs; 1400 hrs)

Mesocosm : Results (7/ 2007 through 6/ 2008) Mesocosm : Results (7/ 2007 through 6/ 2008) Total Phosphorus I nput Total Phosphorus (ppb) Cell 4 Output 80 Cell 1 Output 70 Cell 2 Output 60 Cell 3 Output 50 40 30 20 10 0 8/2/2007 8/12/2007 8/22/2007 9/1/2007 9/11/2007 9/21/2007 10/1/2007 10/11/2007 10/21/2007 10/31/2007 11/10/2007 11/20/2007 11/30/2007 12/10/2007 12/20/2007 12/30/2007 1/9/2008 1/19/2008 1/29/2008 2/8/2008 4/28/2008 5/18/2008 5/28/2008 6/7/2008 7/13/2007 7/23/2007 2/18/2008 2/28/2008 3/9/2008 3/19/2008 3/29/2008 4/8/2008 4/18/2008 5/8/2008 Cell 1 = lime sludge (over riviera sand) Cell 2 = limestone - Ft. Thompson (~ 7 years) Cell 3 = limestone - Onsite (~ 2 year) Cell 4 = limestone - Ft. Thompson over peat (~ 7 years) 7

Field Scale Demonstration Field Scale Demonstration • • I n 2003 PSTA Field-Scale Demonstration was authorized I n 2003 PSTA Field-Scale Demonstration was authorized and funded and funded • • PSTA Field Scale Demonstration Objectives: PSTA Field Scale Demonstration Objectives: � Evaluate PSTA performance for the period of record in a � Evaluate PSTA performance for the period of record in a larger scale larger scale � Calibrate concentration-based PSTA model to determine full � Calibrate concentration-based PSTA model to determine full scale sizing of PSTA technology scale sizing of PSTA technology � Demonstrate most cost-effective PSTA substrate � Demonstrate most cost-effective PSTA substrate � Determine PSTA engineering and operational parameters for � Determine PSTA engineering and operational parameters for full scale implementation full scale implementation � Determine the operations and maintenance requirements for � Determine the operations and maintenance requirements for full scale implementation and sustainability full scale implementation and sustainability 8

PSTA Field-Scale Test Cells PSTA Field-Scale Test Cells C-51 CELL 1 SAV CELL PLUG SEEPAGE CANAL C B A CELL 2 BYPASS 1” PALM BEACH 6” ONSI TE 6” ONSI TE LI ME SLUDGE OVER LI MESTONE LI MESTONE NATI VE SAND 9

PSTA Field Scale Demonstration Results PSTA Field Scale Demonstration Results 1” Lime Sludge - Cell A 1” Lime Sludge - Cell A Total Phosphorus (ug/L) 25.0 A Risr In 20.0 A Risr Out 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 10/2/2008 10/3/2008 10/7/2008 10/14/2008 10/21/2008 10/30/2008 11/6/2008 11/12/2008 11/20/2008 11/28/2008 12/5/2008 12/11/2008 12/18/2008 12/26/2008 Note: results based on a 3.5 - 7 day hydraulic retention time 10

PSTA Field Scale Demonstration Results PSTA Field Scale Demonstration Results 6” Onsite Limestone - Cell B 6” Onsite Limestone - Cell B Total Phosphorus (ug/L) A Risr In 25.0 A Risr Out 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 2 3 7 1 2 3 6 1 2 2 5 1 1 2 / / / / 4 1 0 / 2 0 8 1 8 6 2 2 2 2 2 / / / / / / / / / 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 8 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Note: results based on a 3.5 - 7 day hydraulic retention time 11

PSTA Field Scale Demonstration Results PSTA Field Scale Demonstration Results 6” Onsite Limestone - Cell C 6” Onsite Limestone - Cell C Total Phosphorus (ug/L) A Risr In 25.0 A Risr Out 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 2 3 7 1 2 3 6 1 2 2 5 1 1 2 / / / 4 1 0 2 0 8 / 1 8 6 / 2 2 2 2 2 / / / / / / / / / 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 8 8 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Note: results based on a 3.5 - 7 day hydraulic retention time 12

PSTA Field Scale Demonstration PSTA Field Scale Demonstration Path Forward Path Forward • Operate temporary (10cfs) pumps from C-51 during low flow periods to bypass cell 1 • Plug installed isolating test cells from cell 2 bypass area, to enable testing during high flow • Current Schedule: � Testing completion - August 2010 � Prepare Engineering Documentation Report (EDR) – January 2011 13

Field –Scale Operation (STA 1-E) Field –Scale Operation (STA 1-E) November 2006 – July 2009 November 2006 – July 2009 6 8 9 7 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 / 1 / / / / / 1 1 7 5 1 1 Activation START Dry Out Flooded Dry Out Flooded Dry Out OPERATE Dry Out Planned schedule alternating 2 months wet, 2 months dry for a period of 6-8 months

PSTA Field-Scale Test Cells PSTA Field-Scale Test Cells C-51 CELL 1 SAV CELL PLUG SEEPAGE CANAL C B A CELL 2 BYPASS 1” PALM BEACH 6” ONSI TE 6” ONSI TE LI ME SLUDGE OVER LI MESTONE LI MESTONE NATI VE SAND 15

BACK-UP BACK-UP SLIDES SLIDES

Chemical & Biological Reactants Chemical & Biological Reactants Naturally Found in the Everglades Marsh Naturally Found in the Everglades Marsh � Calcium - abundant � Calcium - abundant � Magnesium - trace � Magnesium - trace � Iron - trace � Iron - trace Require Require Chemical Chemical � Aluminum - trace � Aluminum - trace Treatment Treatment � Manganese – trace � Manganese – trace Calcium-based treatment technology only logical option

Hypothesis – Factors for Developing Hypothesis – Factors for Developing Calcareous Periphyton Calcareous Periphyton � High solar radiation � High solar radiation � High temperature � High temperature � Low phosphorous � Low phosphorous � Dry-out � Dry-out Manipulate hydroperiod – forced dry-outs Manipulate hydroperiod – forced dry-outs

Corps Activated Periphyton: Water Treatment Based on Observations in Nature (natural system enhanced through more frequent dry-outs) Post-Tamiami Trail Construction • Low Phosphorus • Rainfall Driven • Periodic Dryouts (cyano bacteria dominance) • Calcite (precipitated periphyton) Calcite Calcite 1920s Pre-Tamiami Trail Construction (no obstruction to sheetflow in Everglades) • Low Phosphorus • Low Phosphorus • Always Wet • Always Wet Core Sample South of Tamiami Trail Natural Conditions Peat Peat

PSTA Phosphorus (P) Removal Process within PSTA Phosphorus (P) Removal Process within a Calcareous Periphyton Mat a Calcareous Periphyton Mat • Calcium (Ca 2+ ) -- , H 2 CO 3, HCO 3 • Dissolved I norganic Carbon – DI C (e.g. CO 3 -, CO 2 ) • High pH • Nucleation Sites HCO 3 HCO 3 TP TP pH 7-8 Ca 2+ Ca 2+ CYANO BACTERI A DOMI NATED Ca 2+ Ca 2+ CALCARI OUS PERI PHYTON MAT H 2 CO 3 H 2 CO 3 DI C DI C TP TP TP Ca 2+ DI C TP Ca 2+ DI C CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 TP TP OH - BACTERI A FORMS ALKALI NE BACTERI A FORMS ALKALI NE OH - pH 8-11 OH - OH - PHOSPHATASE PHOSPHATASE --- TP PO 4 --- TP PO 4 OH - OH - Ca 2+ 2HCO 3 Ca 2+ 2HCO 3 CaCO 3 OH - CaCO 3 OH - TP TP -- DI C CO 3 -- DI C CO 3 H 2 CO 3 HCO 3 Ca 2+ H 2 CO 3 Ca 2+ HCO 3 DI C Ca 2+ Ca 2+ DI C pH 7-8 CALCI TE DEPOSI TI ON Ca 2+ Ca 2+ Ca 2+ Ca 2+ Ca 2+ Ca 2+ PERI PHYTON SEDI MENT (CALCI TE) PERI PHYTON SEDI MENT (CALCI TE) Ca 2+ Ca 2+ Ca 2+ PHOSPHATE CO-PRECI PI TATI ON Ca 2+ PHOSPHATE CO-PRECI PI TATI ON

Enlargement of Calcareous Periphyton Assemblage Enlargement of Calcareous Periphyton Assemblage calcium carbonate precipitation functional groups