ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERISITY THESIS PROJECT PASEO CARIBE PASEO CARIBE CONDOMINIUM TOWER & PARKING Coupled Shear Wall Systems in High Seismic Zones PASEO CARIBE PASEO CARIBE CONDOMINIUM TOWER & PARKING CONDOMINIUM TOWER & PARKING CONDOMINIUM TOWER & PARKING
ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERISITY THESIS PROJECT PASEO CARIBE PASEO CARIBE CONDOMINIUM TOWER & PARKING CONDOMINIUM TOWER & PARKING CONDOMINIUM TOWER & PARKING
BACKGROUND BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION � LOCATION BACKGROUND BACKGROUND � San Juan, Puerto Rico EXISTING STRUCTURE � Bordered by the Caribbean & PROBLEM South American Plates STATEMENT DESIGN GOALS KEY ELEMENTS FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
BACKGROUND BACKGROUND � LOCATION INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND BACKGROUND EXISTING STRUCTURE PROBLEM N. American N. American Plate Plate STATEMENT Caribbean Plate Caribbean Plate DESIGN GOALS S. American Plate S. American Plate KEY ELEMENTS FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES � UBC 1997 CONSTRUCTION � Seismic Zone 3 &COST CONCLUSION
BACKGROUND BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION � Project Overview BACKGROUND BACKGROUND � IV Phase Development Project EXISTING STRUCTURE PROBLEM STATEMENT DESIGN GOALS KEY ELEMENTS FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
BACKGROUND BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION � Project Overview BACKGROUND BACKGROUND � Parking Garage: Phase II EXISTING STRUCTURE � 10 stories, 1700 parking spaces PROBLEM STATEMENT DESIGN GOALS KEY ELEMENTS FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
BACKGROUND BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION � Project Overview BACKGROUND BACKGROUND � Parking Garage: Phase II EXISTING STRUCTURE � 10 stories, 1700 parking spaces PROBLEM � Condominium Tower: Phase III STATEMENT � Add. 14 stories DESIGN GOALS KEY ELEMENTS � 4 – 3,500 ft 2 FRAME SYSTEM aparts / floor COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
EXISTING STRUCTURE EXISTING STRUCTURE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND EXISTING EXISTING STRUCTURE STRUCTURE PROBLEM STATEMENT DESIGN GOALS KEY ELEMENTS FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
EXISTING STRUCTURE EXISTING STRUCTURE � Gravity System INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND � Cast-in-Place Bearing Wall EXISTING EXISTING � 9” Post-Tensioned Flat Slab STRUCTURE STRUCTURE � 36 – 12” Walls: 620 LF / Floor PROBLEM STATEMENT � Typical Open Span: 17’ E-W DESIGN GOALS � Lateral System KEY ELEMENTS � Bearing Walls act as Shear Walls FRAME SYSTEM � Very Stiff 10’ x 160’ Core COUPLED WALLS � 4 Elevator Shafts COMMODITIES � 3 Sets of Stairs CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
PROBLEM STATEMENT PROBLEM STATEMENT INTRODUCTION Lateral Discontinuity � BACKGROUND Transition of Occupancy at 8 th Floor � EXISTING Vertical Irregularity: UBC Table 16L STRUCTURE � PROBLEM PROBLEM Type 1: Soft Story – Transfer Girders � STATEMENT STATEMENT Type 2: Weight Mass – Doubled Slab Area � DESIGN GOALS Type 3: Vertical Geometry > 1.3L � KEY ELEMENTS Type 4: In plane Discontinuity � FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
PROBLEM STATEMENT PROBLEM STATEMENT INTRODUCTION Lateral Discontinuity � BACKGROUND EXISTING STRUCTURE PROBLEM PROBLEM STATEMENT STATEMENT DESIGN GOALS KEY ELEMENTS FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
PROBLEM STATEMENT PROBLEM STATEMENT INTRODUCTION � Multiple Lateral Discontinuities BACKGROUND � Large Self Weight = 92,000k EXISTING STRUCTURE � Low R Bearing Wall Value = 4.5 PROBLEM PROBLEM STATEMENT STATEMENT DESIGN GOALS VERY LARGE SEISMIC FORCES KEY ELEMENTS V = 8400 KIPS FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
PROBLEM STATEMENT PROBLEM STATEMENT INTRODUCTION � Non-Structural Issues BACKGROUND � In plan, no open space > 22’ E-W EXISTING STRUCTURE � Material and Labor Intensive PROBLEM PROBLEM Design STATEMENT STATEMENT � Concrete: 11200 cy DESIGN GOALS KEY ELEMENTS � Formwork: 520,000 ft 2 FRAME SYSTEM � Rebar: 560 tons COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
DESIGN GOALS DESIGN GOALS INTRODUCTION � Efficient Lateral System: BACKGROUND � Reduce No. Lateral Elements to 4 EXISTING in each direction STRUCTURE PROBLEM � Limit No. Irregularities STATEMENT DESIGN GOALS � Has a Predictable and Clean DESIGN GOALS KEY ELEMENTS Failure Mechanism FRAME SYSTEM � Does not interfere with the COUPLED WALLS Architecture & Assigned Use of COMMODITIES Space CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
KEY ELELEMENTS KEY ELELEMENTS � Reduce Vase Shear: INTRODUCTION � Use a frame gravity system with a BACKGROUND higher R: 5.5 EXISTING � Reduce the Weight with a lighter Steel STRUCTURE Frame PROBLEM STATEMENT � Improved Capacity: DESIGN GOALS � Higher f’c = 5ksi KEY ELEMENTS KEY ELEMENTS � Thicker 24” walls � Diagonally Reinforced Coupled Walls FRAME SYSTEM � Higher T to increase participation of COUPLED WALLS coupled beam COMMODITIES � Limit discontinuity and use symmetry to CONSTRUCTION keep a low ρ factor &COST CONCLUSION
FRAME SYSTEM FRAME SYSTEM INTRODUCTION � Method BACKGROUND � Take advantage of the Existing 27’x30’ EXISTING Parking Grid STRUCTURE PROBLEM STATEMENT DESIGN GOALS KEY ELEMENTS FRAME SYSTEM FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
FRAME SYSTEM FRAME SYSTEM INTRODUCTION � Method BACKGROUND � Take advantage of the Existing 27’x30’ EXISTING Parking Grid STRUCTURE � Requirements PROBLEM STATEMENT � Existing Height w/ 9” P/T Slab: 230 ft DESIGN GOALS � UBC Overall Height Restriction: 240 ft KEY ELEMENTS � Clear Story Height Required: 9 ft FRAME SYSTEM FRAME SYSTEM � Max Story Height Increase: 8 in COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
FRAME SYSTEM FRAME SYSTEM INTRODUCTION � Results – Apartments BACKGROUND � Spacing: 7.5’ EXISTING � Max Span: 27’ STRUCTURE � Apartments: PROBLEM STATEMENT W10 x 26 W10 x 26 DESIGN GOALS Corridor: KEY ELEMENTS W14 x 30 W14 x 30 FRAME SYSTEM FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES � ∆ H story = 5” CONSTRUCTION &COST � ∆ H total = 70” CONCLUSION
FRAME SYSTEM FRAME SYSTEM INTRODUCTION � Results – Parking Garage BACKGROUND EXISTING STRUCTURE PROBLEM STATEMENT CIRCULATION DESIGN GOALS KEY ELEMENTS FRAME SYSTEM FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
FRAME SYSTEM FRAME SYSTEM INTRODUCTION � Results – Transition Level, 8th BACKGROUND EXISTING STRUCTURE A6 PROBLEM STATEMENT DESIGN GOALS KEY ELEMENTS W40x183 Girder FRAME SYSTEM FRAME SYSTEM 15’ COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
FRAME SYSTEM FRAME SYSTEM INTRODUCTION � Results – Connection BACKGROUND Φ Φ Rn, k Check Rn, kips Ru, kips EXISTING Lateral Flange Bending 465 0.9 419 415 STRUCTURE Local Web Yielding 519 1 519 415 PROBLEM Local Web Crippling 724 0.75 543 415 STATEMENT Web Buckling 642 0.85 545 415 DESIGN GOALS KEY ELEMENTS FRAME SYSTEM FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
COUPLED WALLS COUPLED WALLS INTRODUCTION � Proposed Layout BACKGROUND EXISTING STRUCTURE PROBLEM STATEMENT DESIGN GOALS KEY ELEMENTS FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED COUPLED WALLS WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
COUPLED WALLS COUPLED WALLS � Proposed Layout INTRODUCTION � Method BACKGROUND � Direct Shear – ETABS EXISTING � Axial Dead & Live – RAM STRUCTURE � Steel System W = 62,000 kips PROBLEM � 25% Reduction STATEMENT � Torsion DESIGN GOALS � Eccentric Loading � Accidental Torsion, Ax = 2 KEY ELEMENTS � Load Combinations FRAME SYSTEM � ρ = 1.1 COUPLED COUPLED � C a = 0.33 WALLS WALLS � 0.8D + 1.2E (Load Case 1) COMMODITIES � 1.48D + 1.2E + 0.55L (Load Case 2) CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
COUPLED WALLS COUPLED WALLS INTRODUCTION � ETABS MODEL BACKGROUND EXISTING STRUCTURE PROBLEM STATEMENT DESIGN GOALS KEY ELEMENTS FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED COUPLED WALLS WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
COUPLED WALLS COUPLED WALLS INTRODUCTION � Summary Results BACKGROUND EXISTING STRUCTURE PROBLEM STATEMENT DESIGN GOALS KEY ELEMENTS FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED COUPLED WALLS WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
COUPLED WALLS COUPLED WALLS INTRODUCTION � Coupled Beams BACKGROUND � CR Ratio = 27% EXISTING � Results STRUCTURE � Details PROBLEM STATEMENT � Vertical: #4@6” DESIGN GOALS � Horizontal: #6@9” KEY ELEMENTS � Diagonal Ties: #4@4” FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED COUPLED WALLS WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
COUPLED WALLS COUPLED WALLS INTRODUCTION � Coupled Beams BACKGROUND � CR Ratio = 27% EXISTING � Results STRUCTURE � Details PROBLEM STATEMENT � Vertical: #4@6” DESIGN GOALS � Horizontal: #6@9” KEY ELEMENTS � Diagonal Ties: #4@4” FRAME SYSTEM COUPLED COUPLED WALLS WALLS COMMODITIES CONSTRUCTION &COST CONCLUSION
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