Overview you are assessed solely on your own work B39RB3 Research - PDF document

Overview • you are assessed solely on your own work B39RB3 Research Methods • but: – your work is in the context of the work of other Citation and Collaboration people • e.g. previous research or results; existing designs Greg Michaelson or software or hardware Computer Science – in developing your own work, you work with School of Mathematical & Computer other people Sciences • e.g. your supervisor; other staff; other students. Overview Plagiarism 1 • how can you make sure that, in your • plagiarism is the presentation of other submission: people’s work as your own work – your own work is clearly identified; • plagiarism is: – other people’s work is clearly distinguished? – dishonest; • how can you include or mention other – unprofessional; people’s work in your submission without – cheating; plagiarism? – theft. • plagiarism does not need to be intentional – “I didn’t know/understand” is no excuse Plagiarism 2 Plagiarism 3 • plagiarism is easily detected • at the start of your submission you must sign a statement that the work is your own – markers read many submissions at same time so can spot patterns and similarities • it is your responsibility to make sure that • e.g if several students submit same work any work that is not your own is clearly – markers can spot changes in written styles of identified in the submission English and program code • e.g. if student has copied or cut and pasted material – better style may not be own work; • put text into search engine • put submission into plagiarism detection software 1

Plagiarism 4 But... • ...why can’t I include other people’s • plagiarism is strongly punished material in my submission if it’s relevant? • plagiarisers might: – you can, but don’t pretend it’s your own work – lose all marks for submission; • ... the expert presents it better than I can? – lose all marks for module; – we want to see how you present it, to make – repeat year; sure you understand it – leave University without qualification; • ...everyone knows this information or • see University regulations & School technique already? handbooks – so tell us how you know it How to... Citation and Reference • must enable readers to find original • ... build on other’s people’s work without material that you use plagiarism? • when referring to the work of others, must • ... make use of source material without include: simply copying it? – citation • ... work with other people without claiming • full publication details joint work as your own? • in text, footnote or bibliography – reference • unique identifying link in text • to full citation in footnote or bibliography Introducing the work of others Using the work of others • X says [ reference ] ... • quoting – direct inclusion of text • According to Y [ reference ] ... • precis • Z argues that [ reference ] ... – shortened version • A notes that [ reference ] ... – in your own words • etc. • summary – where X, Y Z, A are the names of the people – listing main points whose work is referred to – in your own words – usual to include a date if not in reference 2

Quoting Precis • must explicitly distinguish quoted material • continuous text summary of original • put short quotations in main text • should not contain phrases from original – in quotation marks unless quoted • include substantial quotations as separate • must include reference paragraph – indent • could use italics for both • must accompany quote with reference – usual to also include page number after quote Summary Example: original The idea of a digital computer is an old one. Charles Babbage, Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge from 1828 to 1839, planned such a • list of main points machine, called the Analytical Engine, but it was never completed. Although Babbage had all the essential ideas, his machine was not at that time such – numbered/bullet points a very attractive prospect. The speed which would have been available would be definitely faster than a human computer but something like 100 times slower than the Manchester machine, itself one of the slower of the • often phrases rather than continuous text modern machines. The storage was to be purely mechanical, using wheels and cards. • should not contain material from original The fact that Babbage's Analytical Engine was to be entirely mechanical will unless quoted help us to rid ourselves of a superstition. Importance is often attached to the fact that modern digital computers are electrical, and that the nervous system also is electrical. Since Babbage's machine was not electrical, and • must include reference since all digital computers are in a sense equivalent, we see that this use of electricity cannot be of theoretical importance. Alan Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence , Mind, Vol LIX, No 236, October 1950, in E. Feigenbaum & J. Feldman, Computers & Thought , McGraw-Hill, 1963, page 16. Example: quoting Example: precis • In considering whether electricity is important for relating human brains to digital computers, Turing [Turing,1950] argues that: • Turing[Turing,1950] argues that as Babbage’s “The idea of a digital computer is an old one. Charles Babbage, Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge from 1828 to 1839, planned such a Analytic Engine was a purely mechanical digital machine, called the Analytical Engine, but it was never completed. Although Babbage had all the essential ideas, his machine was not at that time such a computer, and because all digital computers are very attractive prospect. The speed which would have been available would be definitely faster than a human computer but something like 100 times equivalent, then the dependence of both human slower than the Manchester machine, itself one of the slower of the modern machines. The storage was to be purely mechanical, using wheels and brains and modern computers on electricity is cards. The fact that Babbage's Analytical Engine was to be entirely mechanical will not relevant when comparing their properties. help us to rid ourselves of a superstition. Importance is often attached to the fact that modern digital computers are electrical, and that the nervous system also is electrical. Since Babbage's machine was not electrical, and since all digital computers are in a sense equivalent, we see that this use of electricity cannot be of theoretical importance.” (page 16) • with a Bibliography including the citation: [Turing,1950] Alan Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence , Mind, Vol LIX, No 236, October 1950, in E. Feigenbaum & J. Feldman, Computers & Thought , McGraw-Hill, 1963, pp 9-35. 3

Example: summary Quoting quotes • Turing[Turing,1950] argues that: • may need to include a quote from 1. Babbage’s Analytic Engine was a digital computer; someone who also quotes a third party 2. the Analytic Engine was mechanical; • include references for both 3. all digital computers are equivalent; • X [ reference X ] discussing Y [ reference Y ] 4. so electricity is irrelevant when comparing brains and digital computers. says: “...” Quoting quotes example: original Quoting quotes example: quote • Again from: • Turing [Turing,1950], in discussing Lady Lovelace’s objection to machine intelligence [Lovelace,1842], says that: Alan Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence , Mind, Vol LIX, No 236, October 1950, in E. Feigenbaum & J. Feldman, Computers & “Our most detailed information of Babbage's Analytical Engine comes Thought , McGraw-Hill, 1963, pp 9-35. from a memoir by Lady Lovelace. In it she states, "The Analytical • Our most detailed information of Babbage's Analytical Engine comes from a Engine has no pretensions to originate anything. It can do whatever we memoir by Lady Lovelace. In it she states, "The Analytical Engine has no know how to order it to perform" (her italics).”(page 26). pretensions to originate anything. It can do whatever we know how to order • with Bibliography including: it to perform" (her italics). [Lovelace, 1842], Ada Lovelace, Translator's notes to an article on • with original bibliography entry: Babbage's Analytical Engine Scientific Memoir (ed. by R. Taylor), Vol. – Countess of Lovelace, Translator's notes to an article on Babbage's 3,1842, pp 691-731. Analytical Engine Scientific Memoir (ed. by R. Taylor), vol. 3 (1842), [Turing,1950] Alan Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence , Mind, 691-731. Vol LIX, No 236, October 1950, in E. Feigenbaum & J. Feldman, Computers & Thought , McGraw-Hill, 1963, pp 9-35. Using other people’s code Collaboration 1 • in program listing, indicate clearly where • must acknowledge people that helped you code is not your own – supervisor – identify source with reference/citation – other lecturers • if code has an original statement of – other students ownership, then leave it in place; • in Acknowledgements section at start of submission • in main text, state explicitly that you have used code that is not your own • say how they helped you – identify source with reference/citation 4