See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331959150 Oral Presentation Conference Paper · November 2018 CITATIONS READS 0 44 4 authors , including: Derya Arslan Duran Yavuz Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Selcuk University 73 PUBLICATIONS 1,916 CITATIONS 19 PUBLICATIONS 64 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Nurcan Yavuz Selcuk University 16 PUBLICATIONS 49 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Farkl ı Sulama Aral ığı ve Sulama Suyu Seviyelerinin Çerezlik Kaba ğı n Verim ve Kalitesine Etkisi View project This study was financially supported under the international joint research project (Project no 114O835) by TÜB İ TAK (Turkiye) -MHESR (Tunisia). View project All content following this page was uploaded by Duran Yavuz on 22 March 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
Oral Presentation Effects of Irrigation Practices and Lateral Distance on Color and Carotenoids Composition of Carrot roots ( Daucus carota L.) İlknur Kutlar Yaylalı a* , Derya Arslan b , Duran Yavuz a , Nurcan Yavuz a a Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University, 42031, Konya, Turkiye b Division of Food Sciences, Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkiye *Corresponding Author E-mail: nur@selcuk.edu.tr Abstract Field experiments were carried out during winter season of 2014 in the conditions of clay loamy soil to study the effect of lateral distance, irrigation interval and irrigation levels on the concentrations of carotenoid compounds (β - carotene, α -carotene, lutein), total lipids and also CIE Lab color parameters of carrot roots. The plants were subjected to two deficit irrigation (DI) (75% and 50%), two lateral distance (40 and 80 cm) and two irrigation intervals (10 and 15 days). Significant effects of lateral distance and deficit irrigation practices were observed on the carrot roots, implying that lower lateral distance (40 cm) and 75% deficit irrigation provides carrots with higher concentrations of carotenoid compounds and total lipids than the other practices. Irrigation interval didnot influence all the characteristics analysed. The agricultural treatments applied in the field study didnot show significant influences on total carotenoids content, but apparent differences were detected for individual carotenoid compounds. This indicated that spectrophotometric analyses of the total carotenoids were not sensitive enough to represent the effects of field treatments applied in the assay. Keywords: Daucus carota L . , irrigation, lateral distance, carotenoids, color, total lipids. Introduction The optimum production of field crops can be reached through application of adequate amount of irrigation. Improving growth and yield have been reported in carrot with increasing frequency of irrigation (Nortje and Henrico, 1986) and drought leads to significant reductions in the quality of this crop (Lada et al., 2004). The management of irrigation water is important, since it governs evapotranspiration, water use efficiency, moisture extraction pattern, and nutrient uptake. Carrot plants are cultivated widely in semi-arid climates, where the scarcity of water resources is the major factor limiting irrigated agriculture. To optimise water resources deficit irrigation (DI) strategies are employed, in which moderate water stress is applied during part of the seasonal cycle of plant development (Kriedemann and Goodwin, 2003). 373
Vegetable quality greatly varies under the influence of different soil and climatic conditions. The breeder must determine which quality attributes are important to consumers and develop methods to rapidly and accurately assess these attributes. The consumer quality can include such diverse attributes as vitamin content, absence of antimetabolic compounds, flavour, texture, colour, appearance and convenience. Carrot ( Daucus carota L.) is one of the most important horticultural root crop that has gained popularity in recent decades due to increased awareness of its nutritional value (Arscott and Tanumihardjo, 2010) and increased consumption of this crop has been recommended to help prevent the onset of free radical-mediated diseases. Carrot roots are rich in carotenoids ( α -, β -, γ -, and ζ -carotenes, β -zeacarotene, and lycopene) predominantly β -carotene (45 – 80%) accompanied by α -carotene that together constitute up to 95% of total carotenoids (Simon and Wolff, 1987; Gross, 1991). Carotenoid molecules consist of a long central chain with a conjugated double-bond system, which is a light absorbing chromophore which are responsible for the natural yellow to red fat-soluble pigments in many fruits and vegetables (Simon and Wolf, 1987). Carotenoids determine root colour and they also affect the perception of carrot taste and flavour that influence the consumer preference (Alasalvar et al., 2001; Habegger and Schnitzler, 2005). They are directly related to the perception of their quality, as colour does influence the consumers’ preferences (Mele´ndez - Martı´nez et al. , 2004; Mele´ndez - Martı´nez et al. , 2005). In addition these piments show vitamin A activity (Mele´ndez - Martı´nez et al. , 2005), potential antioxidant capacity and involvement in the prevention or protection against serious human health disorders, such as heart disease, cancer and macular degeneration, among others (Fraser and Bramley, 2004; Giovanucci, 1999; Krinsky, 2001). In order to apply the optimum DI strategy, a good knowledge of the effects of DI on fruit quality is necessary. Our objective was to determine the influence of DI and lateral distance in a semi-arid environment, individual carotenoid components and colour parameters were evaluated in field-grown carrots. Material and Method Plant Material, Growth Conditions, and Experiment Design The study was carried out during 2014 in Konya city (center Turkey), around Kaşınhanı province where intensive carrot farming exists, under controlled field conditions. First of all, the soil and irrigation water samples were taken and were subjected to some physical and chemical analysis. Maestro (vilmorin) cultivar of carrot was was planted in a 1.5 da experimental field which is one of the most common cultivar grown in the province and. The treatments comprised of two lateral distances (40 and 80 cm), two irrigation intervals (5 and 10 days), and three irrigation levels (%100, %75 and %50 of plant water requirement). These 12 treatment combinations were replicated four times in a factorial randomized block design consisting of 42 parcels. The carrots were sown by a hand-operated seeding machine on a profiled surface. Each experimental unit consisted of five rows of 2.5 m long and 40 cm (or 80 cm) apart. Each plot size covered an area of 10.0 × 2.4 m (24 m 2 ). Carrot seeds (cv. Vilmorin) at a rate of 3 kg/fed were sown on both sides of each row. After homogenous growing of plants was achieved, drip irrigation system was launched on the plots. A surface 374
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