On- -line diagnostic of a PEM fuel cell stack line diagnostic of a - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
on line diagnostic of a pem fuel cell stack line
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

On- -line diagnostic of a PEM fuel cell stack line diagnostic of a - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 18, 2023 259 likes •480 views

International Symposium on Diagnostic Tools for Fuel Cell Technologies Trondheim, June 24th, 2009 On- -line diagnostic of a PEM fuel cell stack line diagnostic of a PEM fuel cell stack On based on the electrical power converter based on the

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

International Symposium on Diagnostic Tools for Fuel Cell Technologies

Trondheim, June 24th, 2009

On On-

  • line diagnostic of a PEM fuel cell stack

line diagnostic of a PEM fuel cell stack based on the electrical power converter based on the electrical power converter

  • Dr. Abdellah

NARJISS, Dr. Frédéric GUSTIN,

  • Dr. Daniel DEPERNET, Prof. Daniel HISSEL

University of Franche-Comte (France)

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

Gases

Fuel Cell System

How to optimize the FC behavior ? Ancillaries Power converter Load Fuel Cell Stack

Fluidic supervision Electrical supervision Control

On-line diagnostic

General architecture of a PEM Fuel Cell system

Objective : design an on-line diagnostic tool dedicated to automotive applications

Introduction

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

Outlines

1) Choice and sizing of the power converter 2) Real time control strategy 3) On-line impedance spectrometry 4) Conclusions

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

Power converter

PEM FC Stack : 115V (0A) – 55V (560A) DC Bus : 540V High voltage elevation ratio

Transportation applications ≈ 80kW

Improvement of durability and reliability of PEMFC in embedded applications Control of DC-link with high transformation ratio, low switch constraints and high efficiency Optimization of size and cost

ECCE Hybrid Electrical Vehicle

Choice and sizing of the power converter

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

Choice and sizing of the power converter

General description of the energy conversion scheme

Semi-conductors : Mosfets + Diodes FPWM =50kHz Planar technology transformer

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

Choice and sizing of the power converter

Sizing of the power converter for impedance spectrometry

2.f 1 α ΔI V L

S S

  

f

2.f 1 α ΔVs Is C   

f

 

f f C

L Hz . . 2. 1 f0  

FC Stack Power converter DC bus

ΔIs ΔIe

Sizing of the passive filters FPWM = 50kHz FSPECTRO : 1Hz to 2,5kHz

FSPECTRO FPWM

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

Outlines

1) Choice and sizing of the power converter 2) Real time control strategy 3) On-line impedance spectrometry 4) Conclusions

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

Real time control

Impedance spectrometry done by the power converter

Current injection

α

= α0 +A.sin(ωt)

α0 : duty cycle => normal behavior

A : sinusoïdal modulation amplitude

k F F

PWM injection

  20

sinus de 20 points

  • 40000
  • 30000
  • 20000
  • 10000

10000 20000 30000 40000

1 t 1 t

α

α0 Δα A

High resolution quality FPWM = 50kHz => Finjection_max = 2,5kHz

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

Real time control

Fuel Cell Voltage Fuel Cell Current Analogical extraction of ripple Sampling (PWM rejection) Re(Vk) Im(Vk) DFT Re(Ik) Im(Ik) Zk Module ratio Phase difference Fuel Cell Voltage Fuel Cell Current Analogical extraction of ripple Sampling (PWM rejection) Re(Vk) Im(Vk) DFT Re(Ik) Im(Ik) Zk Module ratio Phase difference

Impedance measurement  extraction of ripple  PWM rejection  filtering and phase referencing of desired ripple with DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform)  harmonic impedance

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

Real time control

Electrical behavior experimental results (1kW prototype)

Electrical behavior  good DC bus voltage stability  power flows control ability

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

Outlines

1) Choice and sizing of the power converter 2) Real time control strategy 3) On-line impedance spectrometry 4) Conclusions

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

On-line impedance spectrometry

+ Constant nominal duty cycle Current ripple measurement Ripple controller + +

  • DC/DC

converter Fuel Cell Current ripple reference Continuous component extractor Current measurement

  • +

Continuous component of current + Constant nominal duty cycle Current ripple measurement Ripple controller + +

  • DC/DC

converter Fuel Cell Current ripple reference Continuous component extractor Current measurement

  • +

Continuous component of current

Injection strategy of fuel cell stimulus  duty cycle sinusoidal modulation  control of the current ripple amplitude

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

On-line impedance spectrometry

UBZM PEM 20-cell stack

  • 0,005

0,005 0,01 0,015 0,02 0,025 0,03 0,035 0,04 0,045 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3

Re (Ohm)

  • Im (Ohm)

essai_1 essai_2

2Hz 500Hz

  • 0,005

0,005 0,01 0,015 0,02 0,025 0,03 0,035 0,04 0,045 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3

Re (Ohm)

  • Im (Ohm)

essai_1 essai_2

2Hz 500Hz

Gas flows 20A FC stack temperature 48°C FC air dew point 45°C FC stack voltage 14,18V FC current 12,15A Air hygrometry level 85% Hydrogen hygrometry level 20% Load current 1,6A

Experimental values On-line impedance spectrometry result

Results reproducibility highest quality

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

On-line impedance spectrometry

Influence of the spectrometry on the DC bus voltage

Effects of spectroscopy on continuous voltage bus

20 40 60 80 100 120 phase (radians) Vbus (Volts) F = 2 Hz F = 30 Hz F = 360 Hz

Impact de la spectroscopie d’impédance sur la stabilité du bus continu

Effects of spectroscopy on continuous voltage bus

20 40 60 80 100 120 phase (radians) Vbus (Volts) F = 2 Hz F = 30 Hz F = 360 Hz

Impact de la spectroscopie d’impédance sur la stabilité du bus continu

Effects of spectroscopy on continuous voltage bus

20 40 60 80 100 120 phase (radians) Vbus (Volts) F = 2 Hz F = 30 Hz F = 360 Hz

Impact de la spectroscopie d’impédance sur la stabilité du bus continu

Effects of spectroscopy on continuous voltage bus

20 40 60 80 100 120 phase (radians) Vbus (Volts) F = 2 Hz F = 30 Hz F = 360 Hz

Impact de la spectroscopie d’impédance sur la stabilité du bus continu

ΔVmax < 10% Vbus ΔVmax Fmin

and

slide-15
SLIDE 15

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

On-line impedance spectrometry

Effect of the gas hydration level

  • 0,01

0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,05 0,15 0,25 0,35 0,45 Re (Ohm)

  • Im (Ohm)

Tr=25°C, HR_air=30%, HR_H2=21% Tr=35°C, HR_air=50%, HR_H2=20% Tr=45°C, HR_air=87%, HR_H2=20%

Humidification level increases

Zstack diminishes

Fuel cell operating point : 8A, TFC =48°C, Igases=20A

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

On-line impedance spectrometry

Effect of the H2 gas flow

H2 flow increases

Zstack diminishes in LF

0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3 0,35 Re (Ohm)

  • Im (Ohm)

Igas=20A Igas=15A Igas=10A

Fuel cell operating point : 8A

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

Outlines

1) Choice and sizing of the power converter 2) Real time control strategy 3) On-line impedance spectrometry 4) Conclusions

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

Conclusions

Many advantages :

  • Important power flows transfer ability
  • Ability to high transformation ratios
  • High compactness
  • On-line diagnosis ability
  • Ability to modify in real time the FC control laws to improve durability /

efficiency

Next to do :

  • Higher power FC have to be considered
  • Go from the impedance spectrometry to the FC stack on-line diagnosis
  • Consider SOFC power plants
slide-19
SLIDE 19

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

To go further…

[1] Hissel, D., Jemeï, S., Hubert, V., François, X., Péra, M.C., Kauffmann, J.M., “A diagnosis-

  • riented model of a fuel cell power generator dedicated to automotive applications”, ISNGVT'01

4th International Symposium on Next Generation Vehicle Technology, pp. 49-54, Gwangju, South Korea, 2001. [2] Hissel, D., Péra, M.C., Kauffmann, J.M., “Automotive fuel cell power generators diagnosis”, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 128, n°2, pp. 239-246, 2004. [3] Hissel, D., Candusso, D., Harel, F., “Fuzzy clustering durability diagnosis of embedded polymer electrolyte fuel cells”, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 56, n°5, pp. 2414-2420, 2007. [4] Narjiss, A., Depernet, D., Gustin, F., Hissel, D., Berthon, A., “Design of a high efficiency fuel cell DC/DC converter dedicated to transportation applications”, ASME Fuel Cell Science and Technology, vol. 5, n°4, 11p., 2008. [5] Steiner, N., Candusso, D., Hissel, D., Hernandez, A., Moçoteguy, Ph., Aslanides, A., “A review of PEM voltage degradation associated with water management: impacts, influent factors and characterization”, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 183, n°1, pp. 260-274, 2008.

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Événement - date

  • Int. Symp. On Diagnostic Tools for FC Technologies – Trondheim – June 2009

International Symposium on Diagnostic Tools for Fuel Cell Technologies

Trondheim, June 24th, 2009

On On-

  • line diagnostic of a PEM fuel cell stack

line diagnostic of a PEM fuel cell stack based on the electrical power converter based on the electrical power converter

  • Dr. Abdellah

NARJISS, Dr. Frédéric GUSTIN,

  • Dr. Daniel DEPERNET, Prof. Daniel HISSEL

University of Franche-Comte (France)