Observations for the Polar Upper Atmosphere Research at Korea Polar - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Observations for the Polar Upper Atmosphere Research at Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) Jeong-Han Kim , Geonhwa Jee, Changsup Lee Korea Polar Research Institute 4th International ANGWIN Workshop, 24-26 April, 2018, INPE, Brasil

Observation sites in the Polar Region King Sejong Station (KSS) 62° 13' S, 58° 47' W Geomagnetic North Pole Geomagnetic South Pole Dasan Station (& KHO) 78° 55' N, 11° 56' E Jang Bogo Station (JBS) Kiruna (Esrange) 74º 37' S, 164º 13' E 67° 51' N, 20° 13' E

Observations in the Arctic FTS FTS GPS GPS EISCAT FPI FPI Dasan Station 78° 55' N, 11° 56' E Esrange 67° 51' N, 20° 13' E ASC (KHO, Longyearbyen)

Observations in the Arctic FTS FTS FTS (Fourier Transform Spectrometer) • Airglow emission from OH Meinel band GPS GPS EISCAT • Mesopause temperature at ~87 km • Since 2003 for Dasan & 2002 for Esrange FPI FPI Dasan Station 78° 55' N, 11° 56' E Kiruna 67° 51' N, 20° 13' E ASC (KHO, Longyearbyen)

Observations in the Arctic FPI FTS FTS • Filters : 630.0 nm (OI), 732.0 nm (O + ) • Simultaneous observations of neutral wind & GPS GPS EISCAT ion drift in the thermosphere • Since 2015.10 for Dasan & 2016.10 for Esrange FPI FPI Dasan Station 78° 55' N, 11° 56' E Kiruna 67° 51' N, 20° 13' E ASC (KHO, Longyearbyen)

Observations in the Arctic GPSTEC scintillation monitor FTS FTS • TEC, Signal amplitude & Phase scintillation index (1Hz & 100Hz) • GPS Continuous monitoring of ionospheric irregularity GPS EISCAT • Since 2015.10 for Dasan, 2014.09 for Kiruna, 2015.02 for KSS, 2015.12 for JBS FPI FPI Dasan Station 78° 55' N, 11° 56' E Kiruna 67° 51' N, 20° 13' E ASC (KHO, Longyearbyen)

Observations in the Arctic ASC for proton aurora FTS FTS • Filter : H alpha (656.3 nm) • GPS Observation of proton aurora near MLT noon GPS EISCAT • Since 2016.12 FPI FPI Dasan Station 78° 55' N, 11° 56' E Kiruna 67° 51' N, 20° 13' E ASC (KHO, Longyearbyen)

Observations in Antarctica SATI ASC ASC NM ASC King Sejong Station (KSS) MR 62° 13' S, 58° 47' W FPI VIPIR ASC GPS GPS Jang Bogo Station (JBS) 74º 37' S, 164º 13' E MM MM (Search coil) (Search coil & Flux gate) FPI

Observations in Antarctica - KSS ASC SATI SATI ASC NM (Spectral Airglow T emperature Imager) ASC • King Sejong Station (KSS) OH(~87km) & O 2 (~94km) rotational T. 62° 13' S, 58° 47' W • Period : 2002.3 ~ 2016.8 (during winter) FPI VIPIR Meteor Radar MR • Wind (80~100km altitude) & T. at 91km ASC • GPS Since 2007.02 ~ GPS Jang Bogo Station (JBS) : Power upgrade in 2012.02 (8kW=>12kW) 74º 37' S, 164º 13' E MM MM (Search coil) (Search coil & Flux gate) FPI

Observations in Antarctica - KSS SATI ASC ASC ASC NM ASC • King Sejong Station (KSS) Filters : OI (557.7 & 630.0nm), OH Meinel MR 62° 13' S, 58° 47' W • Since 2008.3 ~ (during winter) FPI • Presentation by Hosik Kam VIPIR FPI • Wind & Temperature near 87, 97 & 250 ASC km GPS GPS • Moved from Palmer Station to KSS in Jang Bogo Station (JBS) Feb. 2017. 74º 37' S, 164º 13' E MM MM (Search coil) (Search coil • Presentation by Geonhwa Jee & Flux gate) FPI

Observations in Antarctica - JBS SATI Three ASCs • NM ASC for airglow emission (by KASI) - Filters : OI 557.7 & 630.0 nm King Sejong Station (KSS) MR 62° 13' S, 58° 47' W - Installed in 2016.12 FPI • VIPIR ASC for proton aurora - Identical with that in KHO (656.3nm) - Installed in 2016.12 ASC GPS GPS • Jang Bogo Station (JBS) ASC for electron aurora 74º 37' S, 164º 13' E MM MM - Continuous observation of the aurora (Search coil) (Search coil during nighttime & Flux gate) - Installed in 2017.12 FPI

Observations in Antarctica - JBS

Observations in Antarctica - JBS

Observations in Antarctica - JBS

Observations in Antarctica - JBS

Observations in Antarctica - JBS SATI Magnetometer ASC ASC MM • Continuous monitoring of ASC (Search coil King Sejong Station (KSS) & Flux gate) geomagnetic field variation for MR 62° 13' S, 58° 47' W two horizontal components FPI • Since 2016.12 ~ VIPIR Neutron Monitor • Continuous measurement of ASC incoming cosmic rays GPS GPS NM Jang Bogo Station (JBS) • Complete installation in 2018.02 74º 37' S, 164º 13' E MM (Search coil) FPI

Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) • JBS-FPI - operated since 2014.02 • Meaure OH and O King Sejong Station (KSS) 62° 13' S, 58° 47' W airglow emissions (87, 97, 250 km) KSS • Produce neutral winds Geomagnetic North Pole and temperatures in the Geomagnetic polar cap region South Pole Dasan Station 78° 55' N, 11° 56' E Jang Bogo Station (JBS) Kiruna 74º 37' S, 164º 13' E 67° 51' N, 20° 13' E JBS

Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) T emperature Wind Zonal Meridional (a) (b) 100 100 500 500 2014 2014 75 75 Wind velocity (ms -1 ) 2015 2015 Kp Kp Wind at 250 km 250 250 50 50 25 25 0 0 0 0 1500 1500 T 250km T 250km -250 -250 T 87km T 87km T MLS87km T MLS87km 1200 1200 -500 -500 100 100 Wind velocity (ms -1 ) Temperature (K) Temperature (K) 900 900 50 50 Wind at 97 km 0 0 600 600 500 500 Temperature (K) Temperature (K) -50 -50 300 300 300 300 -100 -100 100 100 Wind velocity (ms -1 ) 0 100 0 100 50 50 Wind at 87 km Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 2014 2015 2014 2015 0 0 -50 -50 -100 -100 0 6 12 18 24 0 6 12 18 24 Local time (hr) Local time (hr) Lee et al., 2017, Polar thermosphere winds and temperature observed by Fabry- Perot Interferometer at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica. JGR-Space Physics

Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR) King Sejong Station (KSS) 62° 13' S, 58° 47' W Geomagnetic North Pole Geomagnetic South Pole Dasan Station 78° 55' N, 11° 56' E • Installed in 2015.02 in collaboration with Univ. of Colorado Jang Bogo Station (JBS) • Provids electron density profile, ion drift, and ionospheric tilt Kiruna 74º 37' S, 164º 13' E 67° 51' N, 20° 13' E • Normal operation from last year (2017) after two-year test observation

SWO Transmitter Receiver Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR) ~200m ~100m

VIPIR - Plasma density MLT noon MLT noon MLT noon MLT noon

VIPIR - Tilts: horizontal density gradient Results from NeXtYZ. 2017. 01. 17 ~ 2017. 01. 31 Results from NeXtYZ. 2017. 04. 01 ~ 2017. 04. 23 7 7 400 400 6 6 Plasma Frequency [MHz] Plasma Frequency [MHz] 5 5 Altitude [km] 300 Altitude [km] 300 4 4 200 200 3 3 2 2 100 100 1 1 0 6 12 18 24 0 6 12 18 24 UT [Hours] UT [Hours] 30 30 400 400 20 20 10 E-W tilt [degree] 10 E-W tilt [degree] Altitude [km] 300 Altitude [km] 300 0 0 200 200 -10 -10 -20 -20 100 100 -30 -30 0 6 12 18 24 0 6 12 18 24 UT [Hours] UT [Hours] 30 30 400 400 20 20 10 N-S tilt [degree] 10 N-S tilt [degree] Altitude [km] 300 Altitude [km] 300 0 0 200 200 -10 -10 -20 -20 100 100 -30 -30 0 6 12 18 24 0 6 12 18 24 UT [Hours] UT [Hours]

Korean 3rd Antarctic Inland Station King Sejong Station (KSS) 62° 13' S, 58° 47' W Inland station Jang Bogo Station (JBS) 74º 37' S, 164º 13' E

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