Objectives • Compare quarantines and certification programs to- • Create a HARMONIZED GRAPE QUARANTINE PEST LIST in Pacific Northwest; • Develop a standardized REGIONAL GRAPEVINE CERTIFICATION PROGRAM; • Revise state rules and implement by June 2019 Goal: free movement of certified grapevine planting stocks in PNW, minimized pest risks in vineyards, work toward a national standard.
Team Work with Stakeholders ID, OR, and WA State regulators Nurseries Wine industries Subject matter specialists OSU WSU Cornell University FPS CPC-NW Extension and outreach specialists Inputs from other Depts. of Agriculture CA NY
Pest vs Quarantine Pest Pest: “Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products [FAO, IPPC].” Quarantine pest: “A pest of potential economic importance to the area endangered thereby and not yet present there, or present but not widely distributed and being officially controlled [FAO, IPPC].”
External vs Internal Quarantine State External Internal ID X X OR X X WA X ID/OR would take action if Q pest found in state Proposed change to WA quarantine would clarify that it applies within the state: Q pest = action Example: Phylloxera. How is it handled? Xylella?
Requirements ID Certified planting materials, Phytosanitary certificate, & Pre- notification OR Certified planting materials, or inspected & tested, Phytosanitary certificate, & Pre-notification WA Certified planting materials, Phytosanitary certificate, & Pre- notification Additional Q Requirements- WA/OR Oregon requires freedom from soil- Field grown vines are prohibited, require special permit from WA, other states Both require hot water dip, treatment for Vine Mealybug, phylloxera (or Methyl Bromide fumigation) Oregon requires testing for Xylella Defines sampling dates (within 60 days of shipment)
Proposed Quarantine Changes ID: Only certified planting materials- no change WA: Only certified planting materials- no change OR: Will phase in requirement for only certified materials by January 1, 2023. Currently, the only states with a grapevine certification program that meets WA quarantine are: Oregon, California & Canada. Clean Plant Center NW (Prosser) or FPS (UC Davis) are the approved G1 sources
Oregon: Proposed Changes General requirements • Grape cuttings/rooted plants produced in soil-less media must be treated with an approved insecticide effective against vine mealybug and any pests that may be present on the roots prior to shipment. • Field-grown plants must be bareroot (no soil), subject to one of the following treatments and stored so as to prevent reinfestation. • Hot water treatment • Fumigation
Proposed Quarantine Changes Washington: Xylella Survey • WA is conducting ongoing survey for Xylella, and now has 14 counties recognized as pest free areas. • Oregon will accept grapevines that originate from WA based on our official survey without further testing requirements
Quarantine Pest List harmonization ID: add Grapevine red blotch virus and European grapevine moth OR: add Grapevine virus B WA: add European grapevine moth, Glassywinged sharpshooter and Grapevine red blotch virus How widespread is Grapevine red blotch virus? Survey needed……
Grapevine Registration and Certification Programs in PNW Washington Idaho Oregon Started in 1968 • Does not have • Started in 1970 • Last revision 2014 certification • Last revision 1999 • 5 nurseries program • 16 nurseries • Standards OR WA Approved registered plants X X Unique number assigned to registered plant X Site approval X X Monitoring and inspection X X Periodic testing for pathogens X X Certification tags X X
Certification Generation Summary G1 Foundation G2 Mother G3 Increase G4 Nursery 100% tested > <Monitored, Tested, Rogued > Inspected “Start Clean, Stay Clean”
Grapevine Registration and Certification Standards support export To facilitate export to Canada/Mexico Reviewed how NAPPO RSPM 35 can impact certification programs Made changes to the standards, to meet RSPM 35 requirements In communication with federal agencies to provide updates on our certification programs to facilitate export
Basics of Harmonized Planting Stock Certification Virus-tested G1 foundation Source (NCPN) Limited generations- Now G1 / G2 / G3 / G4 Replacing ‘Foundation, Registered & Certified’ Held in a way to prevent re-infection Isolation from non-certified plants, Exclusion of virus vectors (nematodes, mealybugs, aphids, pollen) Visual Inspections (testing of symptoms to confirm status) Identity Preservation to G1 source plant Add Mandatory rotational testing of G2
Is visual inspection enough? Where we’ve been Where we’re going Required testing of G2/G3- Visual Inspection to PCR, ELISA, HTS determine presence of On a rotation of 4 or 5 virus/disease years, Unreliable, snapshot in time To catch sourcing Doesn’t catch latent viruses mistakes, and audit nurseries for compliance
do we speak the same language? Where we’ve been Where we’re going Rule language says Adopt standardized ‘Foundation’, ‘registered’, Generation language ‘certified’, ‘nuclear’, ‘elite’, developed in national model ‘pre-elite’…… a litany of words standards- to identify plant G1, G2, G3, G4 generations/how they are held, produced
Major Proposed Changes Updated based on State Level Model Regulatory Standards Common definitions Specific requirements for registered blocks • Field condition • Containers • Enhance Tissue culture requirements • Specific requirements for registered plants • Tracking number assigned to each registered plant • Certified stock shall be inspected and tested • Nursery maintains records identifying the G1 source of all registered plants (G2 or G3)
Common misconceptions- Is the nursery certified, or are the plants? “People think that the nurseries • “while people say they understand are certified, not the planting the clean plant process, and where material.”- most nurseries sell to get clean plants, they BOTH. fundamentally don't.” • People think that the nurseries are • Example: Out of 36 blocks, all certified, not the planting claiming to be planted with material. certified vines…. • When cross-referenced with the supplying nursery, 32 of those 36 were NOT actually certified vines. http://blog.agratech.com
Common misconceptions- Certified for what, and when? • What pathogens were • the definition of what included in the cert process? ‘certified’ means is also confusing for buyers. It is often seen as a guarantee of cleanliness when really it is a guarantee of the certification process the plant has gone through. • Can it be traced to G1? • Was it held in isolation since then? morivines.com
Common misconceptions- Does Tissue Culture = Virus-free plants? • NO! Tissue culture production is confused with clean planting stock, when it may or may not have started with a virus free G1 source plant. Image(s) • ASK the TC nursery if their TC lines are part of an official state certification program in WA, OR or CA.
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