1. WE Objectives Overall Objectives : Contribute to reducing - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Enhancement of the Business Environment in the Southern Mediterranean (EBSEM) “ Women's Entrepreneurship & SME Development in MED Countries ” A project funded by the European Union

1. WE Objectives Overall Objectives : Contribute to reducing unemployment and poverty by enhancing policies to support women entrepreneurship development Specific Objectives : • Identifying main obstacles and challenges faced by women to initiate or develop their business • Identifying success stories that could be used as models for good practices • Collecting empirical evidence on the impact of existing policies on women setting up businesses to help improve existing policies • Helping grassroots women and/or entrepreneurs associations become vocal in advocating specific public polices EBESM Project 2

2. Survey: Coverage – Population Coverage: Seven MED Countries covered: Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia Targeted population: Women entrepreneurs responding to the following criteria: - Non-university degree - Should be in business - Main owner and manager of the business - Sample consistent to compare across countries - Up to 25 interviews conducted (face-to-face) per country EBESM Project 3

3. Overview socio-economic conditions in MED countries Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 Morocco Tunisia Egypt, Algeria MENA LMI Lebanon West Jordan EU Arab Rep. Bank and Gaza 2015 Gender Gap EBESM Project 4

3. Overview socio-economic conditions in MED countries Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15-24) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 LMI MENA Morocco Egypt, Tunisia Algeria West EU Jordan Lebanon Arab Rep. Bank and Gaza 2015 gender gap EBESM Project 5

3. Overview socio-economic conditions in MED countries School enrollment, primary, secondary and tertiary, female (% gross) 115 105 95 85 75 65 55 45 35 25 15 5 -5 -15 Jordan Lebanon West Bank Egypt, Arab Israel Tunisia Morocco Algeria and Gaza Rep. Enrollment Primary Primary Gender Gap Enrollment Secondary Secondary Gender Gap Enrollment Tertiary Tertiary Gender Gap EBESM Project 6

3. Overview socio-economic conditions in MED countries Labour force, female (% of total labour force) Israel EU LMI Morocco Tunisia Lebanon Egypt, Arab Rep. MENA West Bank and Gaza Jordan Algeria 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 EBESM Project 7

3. Overview socio-economic conditions in MED countries 100 Employment by sector, female 90 (% of female employment) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 Morocco (2012) Israel (2014) Egypt, Arab West Bank and Algeria (2011) Jordan (2014) (2013) Gaza (2013) Agriculture Gender Gap in Agriculture Industry Gender Gap in Industry Service Gender Gap in Service EBESM Project 8

3. Overview socio-economic conditions in MED countries Self-employed, female (% of female employment) 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 Lebanon Jordan Tunisia Algeria Israel (2013) West Bank Egypt, Arab Morocco (2007) (2012) (2012) (2014) and Gaza Rep. (2013) (2008) (2013) Self Employed Gender Gap EBESM Project 9

3. Overview socio-economic conditions in MED countries Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) Israel (2016) Morocco (2016) Lebanon (2016) Algeria (2013) Tunisia (2015) Egypt (2016) Jordan (2016) Palestine (2012) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Female/Male TEA Female/Male Opportunity-Driven TEA EBESM Project 10

4. National Survey: Key findings Who are these women? • 157 women entrepreneurs from Algeria, Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine and Tunisia • Age – chiefly over 35 to over 50 years • Marital status - 73% are married • Children – 84% have 1 or more children • Education – 45% high school, 30% technical and vocational, 25% primary or no education • Mother’s activity – Almost 70% not working, 28% employed and self-employed • Father’s activity – 60% independent activity and business, 32% employed (private and public sector). EBESM Project 11

5. Economic section: Key findings Women entrepreneurs in the survey • Are married, relatively young, with at least 2 children aged 18 or less, and no business or practical experience • Started from a situation of unemployment, with modest family income or wealth, and little or no access to capital • Decided nonetheless to take the risk of joining the labour force as independent economic actors in the market Performance: • Their activity mostly consists of elementary manufacturing of the handicraft variety • Family enterprises dominate; are small in terms of sales and employment • Most are profitable (about one third) or just break even (about half) • However, most do not account for own salary or costs of utilities when home operation Future plans • More than 80% have decided to stay in the business or even expand • Decision to improve and persevere even in case of losses or just breaking even EBESM Project 12

6. National Survey: Key findings Assistance EBESM Project 13

6. National Survey: Key findings Support EBESM Project 14

7. National Survey: Success Stories In the last 12 months, could you please tell In the last 12 months, could you please us if your business has improved? tell us if your business has improved? 80 70 70 60 Maghreb Mashriq 60 50 50 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 Improvement Stability Deterioration Improvement Stability Deterioration EBESM Project 15

7. National Survey: Success Stories In the last 12 months, could you please tell us how your business has improved? Increase in sales by expanding the consumers’ platform Increase in sales by expanding the range of products /services offered Productivity increases Reduction in costs Hiring new employee (s) Expanding the business location Moving to the formal market/registering your business/moving out of the black market Opening a new branch 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 EBESM Project 16

7. National Survey: Success Stories In the last 12 months, could you please tell us how your business has improved? Increase in sales by expanding the consumers’ platform Increase in sales by expanding the range of products /services offered Productivity increases Hiring new employee(s) Reduction in costs Expanding the business location Moving to the formal market/registering your business/moving out of the black market Opening a new branch 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Mashriq Region Maghreb Region EBESM Project 17

7. National Survey: Success Stories Could you please tell us how the following factors have contributed to your business success? d2. better business reputation d3. larger and stronger social network d1. better family relations a. Improvement in infrastructure and/or public services; c3. Access to a new source of capital c1. Improvement in your personal leadership skills thanks to an education/mentoring programme; c4. Better bargaining conditions with the suppliers c2. New technology adoption; b. Improvement in the political situation/general economic environment 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 EBESM Project 18

7. National Survey: Success Stories Could you please tell us how the following factors have contributed to your business success? d3. larger and stronger social network d2. better business reputation d1. better family relations c3. Access to a new source of capital a2. Improvement in Communication and ICT c1. Improvement in your personal leadership skills thanks to an education/mentoring programme; a1. improvement in Transport a3. Improvement in Water and electricity provision c2. New technology adoption; c4. Better bargaining conditions with the suppliers b. Improvement in the political situation/general economic environment 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mashriq Region Maghreb Region EBESM Project 19

8. National Survey: Key Recommendations Policy Recommendations to Policy Reccomandations: National National Government: top 5 Government in the Mashriq region in MED region SUPPORT WOMEN FINANCE/AID FINANCE/AID PRICE CONTROL SUPPORT/SPECIFIC TAXES SERVICE FOR WOMEN TRAINING/SKILLS SUPPORT ARTISAN TAXES LICENCE & REGISTRATION INFRASTRUCTURE PRICE CONTROL GOVERNMENT INEFFICIENCY BASIC SERVICE SUPPORT ARTISAN IMPROVE POLICY 0 10 20 30 40 50 0 5 10 15 20 Palestine Lebanon Jordan Egypt EBESM Project 20

8. National Survey: Key Recommendations Top 5 Policy Top 5 Policy Recommendations: Municipality in Recommendations: the Mashriq Region Municipalities in MED region EXHIBITION SPACE/FESTIVALS EXHIBITION/FESTIVAL S/SHOPS MARKETING CO-WORKING SPACE/SMALL COMPANIES/COOP INFRASTRUCTURE RAW MATERIAL PRICE & ENERGY WATER CO-WORKING INFRASTRUCTURE SPACE/SMALL COMPANIES/COOP REGISTRATION/LICENSES/INFORMATI ON LOCAL MARKET/BUY DOMESTIC MARKETING PRODUCTS TRAINING TRAINING NETWORK 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 0 10 20 30 40 Palestine Lebanon Jordan Egypt EBESM Project 21