Objective of the Research Objective of the Research Systems Model of Systems Model of • To clarify concept of Participatory Group • To clarify concept of Participatory Group Participat Participatory Group Deliberation ory Group Deliberation Deliberation Deliberation • To examine systemic properties of To examine systemic properties of • Participatory Group Deliberation Participatory Group Deliberation The Second IPCOB Workshop The Second IPCOB Workshop • To discuss evaluation criteria To discuss evaluation criteria of Participatory of Participatory • March 15, 2008 March 15, 2008 Group Deliberation Group Deliberation – In terms of system model of participatory group deliberation Kyoichi Kijima Kyoichi Kijima Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology Structure of Presentation Structure of Presentation Participatory Participatory Group Deliberation Group Deliberation Collective Decision making which Collective Decision making which collects collects • What is What is Participatory Group Deliberation? • Participatory Group Deliberation? diversified opinions by encouraging a variety diversified opinions by encouraging a variety • System Model • System Model of Participatory Group of Participatory Group of stakeholders and experts/advisers to to of stakeholders and experts/advisers Deliberation Deliberation participate in the decision process, participate in the decision process, • Function and meta-function Function and meta-function of Participatory of Participatory • – to derive recommendations or policies with high Group Deliberation Group Deliberation legitimacy, • • Support Support to these functions of to these functions of Participatory Participatory – to produce high level of satisfaction among the participants. Group Deliberation Group Deliberation • Evaluation • Evaluation of Participatory Group Deliberation of Participatory Group Deliberation
Participatory Group Deliberation Group Deliberation is is Participatory useful particularly when useful particularly when Systems S ystems Model of Model of • • The results by the Group Deliberation are The results by the Group Deliberation are Participatory Group Participatory Group expected to give rather drastic influence expected to give rather drastic influence on quite on quite Deliberation Deliberation a many citizens, a many citizens, – because it emphasizes involvement of a variety of stakeholders and experts • Example: Group Deliberation on construction of • Example: Group Deliberation on construction of a large-scale transportation system by a public a large-scale transportation system by a public sector sector Participatory Group Deliberation Participatory Group Deliberation Goal Seeking System Model Goal Seeking System Model as Goal Seeking System as Goal Seeking System Meta Decision Support Meta Group Support Making Deliberation Design, monitor and evaluate Design, monitor and evaluate Decision Support Group Support Feed forward Info. Feedback Info Making Deliberation Feed forward Info. Feedback Info Decision variables (Reports, Proposals and/or Decision variables Recommendations) Process Process Problematic stuation Input (Uncontrollable variables) Transformed problematic Output Participatory Group Deliberation as Goal-seeking System General Model of Goal-seeking System
Participatory Group Deliberation Participatory Group Deliberation Meta Group Deliberation Participatory Participatory Group Participatory Participatory Group Group Deliberation Group Deliberation Deliberation Deliberation Collective Deliberation Accommodation Outcomes (Reports, Proposals and so on) Process Support for Collective & Support for Collective & (1) Collective & Collaborative Collective & Collaborative Deliberation Deliberation (1) Stage Stage Collaborative Derivation Stage Collaborative Derivation Stage • A key stage for producing A key stage for producing output of high output of high • • Decision support system • Decision support system quality from the process from the process quality – Database of technical and financial information • Conducted along with accommodation in a • Conducted along with accommodation in a – Data analysis tools cyclic way cyclic way – Statistical tools
(2) Accommodation Accommodation stage stage (2) Support for Support for Accommodation Stage Accommodation Stage • Concerned with • Concerned with – communication and mutual understanding among the participants, and • Facilitation is essential Facilitation is essential • – Sharing understanding/mission – Soft Systems Methodology • Crucial to satisfaction of the participants • Crucial to satisfaction of the participants • Conducted with deliberation in a cyclic way Conducted with deliberation in a cyclic way – Soft Systems Approach • • Process Coordination may be useful Typology of Participatory Group Typology of Participatory Group Deliberation Deliberation Orientation of the output Proposal Oriented Meta Participatory Group Meta Participatory Group 1. Proposal Creation 3. Proposal under confrontation Degree of Deliberation Deliberation Confrontation among the Not so serious Serious interests of the participants 2. Mutual understanding 4. Seeking for accommodation Mutual understanding Oriented Typology of Participatory Group Deliberation
Meta Participatory Group Meta Participatory Group Deliberation Deliberation Meta Participatory Group Deliberation Meta Participatory Group Deliberation • Concerned with structure setting • Concerned with structure setting • How to balance • How to balance Meta Group Deliberation – How diversified background of the participants are involved (Openness) • Potential stakeholders • Technical experts • Administrators etc Group Deliberation and Outcomes (Reports, Proposals and so on) – How adequate the selection of the participants is • Similarity with the parent population Process • Quality level of the participants (Deliberation ability) Meta Participatory Group Meta Participatory Group Support for Meta Participatory Support for Meta Participatory Deliberation Deliberation Group Deliberation Group Deliberation Trade-off between openness and deliberation ability – Database for choosing appropriate participants from Openness ess Deliberation ability Openn Deliberation ability the potential participants • As stakeholders Stakeholders Stakeholders Direct interest, Direct interest, Deliberative, Deliberative, • As advisers Potential interest Potential interest Holistic view Holistic view • As experts – Demographic data of the population Experts Experts Democratic Democratic Intensive and neutral Intensive and neutral – Statistical tools expertise expertise
Summary: Support for Support for Summary: Participatory Group Deliberation Participatory Group Deliberation Identify potential 1 Involvement of Deliberative Evaluation of stakeholdres and Evaluation of Stakeholders and Experts involve them Participatory Group Participatory Group Data, Analytical 2 Collective Deliberation Deliberation Deliberation tools, Simulation results 3 Accommodation Facilitation, Process coordination Outcomes (Reports etc.) (1) Legitimacy of the outcomes (1) Legitimacy of the outcomes (2) Satisfaction among the (2) Satisfaction among the participants participants • Legitimacy • Legitimacy of the tangible outcomes such of the tangible outcomes such • • Satisfaction Satisfaction of the participants with the of the participants with the as decisions, policy and/or as decisions, policy and/or outcomes as well as with the process outcomes as well as with the process recommendations recommendations – Mutual understanding by sharing the knowledge is – Legitimacy is one of the necessary factors critical which lead the stakeholders to getting ready for implementation of the outcomes
(3) Traceability/Accountability of (3) Traceability/Accountability of the Process the Process Participants’ Satisfaction • • The process should be The process should be not only not only – Efficient (Do things right?) – Effective (Do the right things?) Evaluation Criteria • but also • but also – recorded sufficiently in detail and transparently so that it can be traced back later. Process Outcome • ( (Traceability/Accountability Traceability/Accountability) ) • Accountability and Legitimacy Traceability Summary Summary • What • What Participatory Group Deliberation is Participatory Group Deliberation is • System Model System Model of Participatory Group of Participatory Group • Deliberation Deliberation • • Function Function of Participatory Group Deliberation of Participatory Group Deliberation and its support and its support – Collective & Collaborative Deliberation Stage – Accommodation stage – Typology of Participatory Group Deliberation • Meta-function Meta-function of Participatory Group of Participatory Group • Deliberation and its support Deliberation and its support • • Evaluation Evaluation of Participatory Group Deliberation of Participatory Group Deliberation
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