Multistatic underwater protection sonar best patterns for harbour and larger critical environments Objective: Fixed Asset protection from UW threats Approach: Multistatic active specific patterns and Presentation panel: Deployed & Mobile sensors collaborative arrangement to secure protection Title: Multistatic underwater protection against a given index & speeds threats list. sonar best patterns for harbour and larger must provide a thick enough continuous detection critical environments Authors: barrier for tracking all threats with enough reaction time Louis RAILLON Michel FOUQUET Page 1 #UDT2019
Objective : Detection of wide range of potential threats Device / Vehicle Op. Speed Autonomy Distance TS index Closed Circuit Diver < 1,5 kts 4h 6 Nm > - 25dB (CCD) Open Circuit Diver < 1,5 kts 1h 1.5 Nm >> -15dB Presentation panel: (OCD) Deployed & Mobile sensors Propulsion aid ~ 3 kts 4h 16 Nm > -15dB Title: Multistatic underwater protection sonar best patterns for harbour and larger critical environments Swimmer ~ 4 to 8 kts >4h >32 Nm Small/Big Delivery ~ 6kts -15 to -5 dB Authors: Vehicle (SDV) Louis RAILLON Michel FOUQUET Unmanned Underwater ~ 6 kts Weeks - >100Nm Small/Big Vehicle (UUV) Months -15 to -5 dB (UW drone) Midget < 6 kts Weeks - >100Nm > -5 dB Page 2 Firing range < 2-5 km Months #UDT2019
Objective : constant reaction time Detection range adjusted to threat speeds Primo-detection 15 minutes before reaching fixed assets high speed/high TS Range medium speed/medium TS Presentation panel: 2800m Deployed & Mobile faster threats with higher TS sensors need long detection range Title: Multistatic slow speed/low TS underwater protection sonar best patterns 700m Speed for harbour and larger critical environments 1 1.5 2 4 10 in kts 6 8 Authors: Louis RAILLON Michel FOUQUET Page 3 #UDT2019 Wide Primo Detection range required to secure constant minimum reaction time
Linear barrier thickness versus threat type for needed reaction time Threats shall be detected continuously for tracking during reaction time Threats Detection areas for enough reaction time Presentation panel: Deployed & Mobile sensors 𝑈ℎ𝑗𝑑𝑙𝑜𝑓𝑡𝑡 𝑔𝑝𝑠 ℎ𝑗ℎ 𝑡𝑞𝑓𝑓𝑒 & ℎ𝑗ℎ 𝑈𝑇 𝑢ℎ𝑠𝑓𝑏𝑢 = 𝑒𝑈 2 Title: Multistatic underwater protection sonar best patterns for harbour and larger critical environments Authors: Louis RAILLON 𝑒𝑈 1 = 𝑈ℎ𝑗𝑑𝑙𝑜𝑓𝑡𝑡 𝑔𝑝𝑠 𝑚𝑝𝑥 𝑡𝑞𝑓𝑓𝑒 & 𝑚𝑝𝑥 𝑈𝑇 𝑢ℎ𝑠𝑓𝑏𝑢 Michel FOUQUET Coastline HVU ASSET Page 4 #UDT2019
Bistatic optimal TX/RX distance for linear barrier MONOSTATIC SOLUTION BISTATIC BARRIER SHAPE SOLUTION Multistatic useful Monostatic useful detection area detection area Presentation panel: 𝑆 𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑝 𝑆 𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑝 Deployed & Mobile sensors Title: Multistatic TX 𝑒𝑈 TX RX underwater protection RX sonar best patterns for harbour and larger critical environments Authors: Louis RAILLON 𝐸 𝑝𝑞𝑢 𝐸 𝑝𝑞𝑢 Michel FOUQUET Hypothesis : Same Tx/Rx characteristics and same Barrier Thickness 𝑒𝑈 = 2𝑆 𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑝 3 Page 5 𝑁𝑏𝑦𝑗𝑛𝑣𝑛 𝑐𝑗𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑢𝑗𝑑 𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑓𝑑𝑢𝑗𝑝𝑜 𝑡𝑣𝑠𝑔𝑏𝑑𝑓 𝑗𝑡 𝑔𝑝𝑠 𝐸 𝑝𝑞𝑢 = 8/3 𝑆 𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑝 ~ 1,63 𝑆 𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑝 #UDT2019
Monostatic versus Multistatic chain for linear barrier MONOSTATIC CHAIN MULTISTATIC BARRIER SHAPE PATTERN Surface Ship Systems Same barrier Threats Threats Thickness Presentation panel: TX 𝑒𝑈 TX TX RX RX Deployed & Mobile sensors RX RX Title: Multistatic underwater protection sonar best patterns 𝐸 𝑝𝑞𝑢 for harbour and larger 𝑒𝑀 𝑁𝑝𝑜𝑝 critical environments 2𝐸 𝑝𝑞𝑢 2𝐸 𝑝𝑞𝑢 Authors: Louis RAILLON Michel FOUQUET 1) Additional monostatic sonar shall be at distance 2) Additional RX shall be at distance 𝑒𝑀 𝑁𝑝𝑜𝑝 = 8/3 𝑆 𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑝 = 𝐸 𝑝𝑞𝑢 𝐸 𝑝𝑞𝑢 Barrier length = 2𝐸 𝑝𝑞𝑢 Barrier length = 2𝐸 𝑝𝑞𝑢 bistatic barrier length is doubled Blanking zone size depends on compressed pulse length Blanking zone size depends on pulse length Page 6 Multistatic barrier 1TX/2RX equivalent to 2 monostatic sonars barrier 2TX/2RX #UDT2019
Monostatic versus Multistatic chain for linear barrier MONOSTATIC CHAIN MULTISTATIC CHAIN Presentation panel: Deployed & Mobile sensors Title: Multistatic underwater protection D opt 2D opt 2D opt 2D opt sonar best patterns for harbour and larger critical environments Extending the barrier length : Authors: Louis RAILLON 2) Adding 1TX+1RX here on right of 1st pattern Adding 1TX+1RX here on left of first pattern Michel FOUQUET barrier length extension = 2 𝑬 𝒑𝒒𝒖 barrier length extension = 𝑬 𝒑𝒒𝒖 Extending barrier length requires twice less material Page 7 in multistatism than monostatism #UDT2019
Multistatic 1TX/6RX pattern for flexible surface covering R max Solution = 6 RX on R mono circle centered on Tx R min • full detection is achieved inside the area R mono • without blanking zones Rmax= (1 + 5 )/2* 𝑆 𝑛𝑝𝑜𝑝 = Gold number • Presentation panel: • 2 RX detections 2 Doppler ≠ projections Deployed & Mobile sensors Hexagone is perfect for paving: Title: Multistatic underwater protection sonar best patterns for harbour and larger critical environments Authors: Louis RAILLON Michel FOUQUET Page 8 This pattern is well suited for large surface covering and easy partial adaptation #UDT2019 Additional advantage : 2 Doppler projections and blanking zones cross-covering
Multiple threats and large zone protection example Objective: Fixed Asset protection example for different UW threats Approach: Place multistatic specific patterns to secure a given reaction Surface Ship Systems time for different TS/speed threats before reaching HVU Asset Presentation panel: Deployed & Mobile sensors Location : Oil & Gaz Terminal at Fos sur Mer Title: Multistatic underwater protection sonar best patterns for harbour and larger critical environments Simulation Hypotheses : worst yearly bathycelerimetry, Sea State 6 Authors: noise, bottom slope considered for each pattern Louis RAILLON Michel FOUQUET Sonar material : TX and RX Thales modules fixed on the sea bottom (TX location at yellow points, RX location at black points) Page 9 #UDT2019
Barrier for closing port entrance and continuous detection slow speed/low TS targets such as Closed Circuit divers Slow speed Threats with Target Strength TS = -25 dB Presentation panel: CC Deployed & Mobile diver sensors RX Diver with Title: Multistatic propulsion underwater protection vehicles sonar best patterns or medium 700m for harbour and larger RX speed SDV critical environments TX Diver with Threats fast SDV Authors: / Drone / Louis RAILLON Midget Michel FOUQUET RX Worst bathy case Negative Page 10 gradient #UDT2019 700m protection thickness achieved with 1TX/3RX + closing FOS entrance
Barrier for closing port entrance and continuous detection medium speed/ medium TS targets (aided divers, small drones …) Medium speed Threats with Target Strength TS = -15 dB Presentation panel: CC Deployed & Mobile diver sensors Diver with Title: Multistatic propulsion underwater protection vehicles sonar best patterns or medium for harbour and larger speed SDV critical environments 1400m Diver with Authors: fast SDV Louis RAILLON / Drone / Michel FOUQUET Midget Worst bathy case Negative Page 11 gradient #UDT2019 1TX/3RX for TS=-15dB, 1400m is twice more : enough if target < 3 knots
Comparison of close protection for -15dB threats with multistatic versus monostatic solution in worst real bathycelerimetry case Medium speed Threats with Target Strength TS = -15 dB Presentation panel: Deployed & Mobile sensors Divers with propulsion aids Title: Multistatic or medium underwater protection speed SDV sonar best patterns for harbour and larger critical environments Authors: Louis RAILLON Michel FOUQUET Worst bathy case Negative gradient Page 12 Worst bathy detection range divides ideal case by more than 2: 530/1380 #UDT2019 Worst case protection need: Multistatic 1TX/3RX vs. Monostatic 5TX/5RX
Barrier for closing port entrance and continuous detection for target faster speed (SDV, drones, …) Medium speed Threats with Target Strength TS = -15 dB Presentation panel: Deployed & Mobile sensors Divers with propulsion aids Title: Multistatic or medium underwater protection speed SDV sonar best patterns for harbour and larger critical environments Authors: Louis RAILLON Threats Michel FOUQUET Worst bathy case Negative gradient Page 13 #UDT2019 Improved protection with 2TX+6RX 2800m primo-detection = 15’ @ 6kts
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