NUTRITION OF THE DEVELOPING EMBRYO & HATCHLING Edwin T. Moran, - PDF document

24-9-2014 NUTRITION OF THE DEVELOPING EMBRYO & HATCHLING Edwin T. Moran, Jr. Poultry Science Department Auburn University AL 36849 GERM TO “ESTABLISHED” CHICK % OF TOTAL DEATHS “Nutritional” Transitions 7 14 3-DAYS HATCH PIP DAYS FROM SETTING 1

24-9-2014 GERM & TRANSITION TO OXYGEN CHORION ALBUMEN YOLK ALLANTOIS CHORIOALLANTOIS 5 DAYS 8 DAYS “CANDLE” ANEROBIC AEROBIC RESPIRATION Chick Albumen Incub. Glucose Lactic Acid Days mg Tot. % DM mg Tot. % DM 1 133 3.2 1.6 0.04 3 114 2.8 8.5 0.20 5 79 2.0 11.2 0.29 7 42 1.1 7.0 0.19 9 17 0.5 3.4 0.09 Romanoff & Romanoff, 1967 2

24-9-2014 EGG STRUCTURE & EARLY INCUBATION Thin Albumen Allantoic Cavity Inner Outer ( Glucose ) Yolk GERM AIR Cell ALBUMEN Thick Chalaza 0-Day Saggital MRI Day 3 Falen et al ., 1981 Romanoff & Romanoff, 1949 GERM TO “COMPLETE” EMBRYO 7 - DAYS 14 - DAYS 3

24-9-2014 14 – DAY CHICK EMBRYO Sero-Amnionic Connection ~ Break AMNIONIC SAC Mix ALBUMEN ALBUMEN-AMNION YOLK SAC SAC “Consumption” CHICK EMBRYO INTESTINAL VILLUS Embryonic Enterocytes MACROMOLECULAR ABSORPTION GROWTH “New” Enterocytes Digestive-Absorptive Competence Crypt of Lieberk ű hn 14 - DAYS INTERNAL PIP 4

24-9-2014 CHICK EMBRYO GLUCOSE Incub Blood mg / 100gm Liver Muscle Day mg /100 ml 14 171 625 94 16 202 1648 217 18 228 2890 359 Romanoff & Romanoff, 1967 14 DAY EMBRYO YOLK SAC CONTENTS MIXTURE ORIGINAL YOLK INTESTINAL ENTRANTS VLDL’s Residual Albumen+ Phosvitin- Pancreatic Enzymes Lipovitellin 5

24-9-2014 YOLK SAC ABSORPTIVE VILLUS Blood Vessel Core Villus Sac Villus Microscopic Appearance Schematic Holdsworth & Wilson, 1967 YOLK SAC VLDL RECOVERY & DEPOSITION 14 Days to Internal Pipping Triglycerides Depots Cholesterol Liver Embryo Villus Surface VLDL Endocytosis 6

24-9-2014 CHICK EMBRYONIC SKELETON 15- DAYS INTERNAL PIP CHORIOALLANTOIS & SHELL CALCIUM Mammary Knob Dissolution PALLISADE LAYER Vit-K--CaBP “KNOB” VOID MEMBRANES Ca ++ CO 2 INCUBATION LOSS Doskoch et al ., 1985 7

24-9-2014 OVUM WALL & YOLK FORMATION Hepatic-to-Ovary Vascular Transfer VLDL Suspension GRANULOSA LAYER VITELOGENIN PHOSVITIN + LIPOVITELIN YOLK SPHERE TRANSITIONS Calcium Phosphate Granule Lamina Covering Clusters Layers CaPO 4 PO 4 PHOSVITIN+ LIPOVITELIN Ca Shell AT APEARANCE ACCRUED TO SETTING +14 DAYS PIPPING Cheville & Coignuol, 1984 8

24-9-2014 YOLK SAC CALCIFIED SPHERES ACCRUAL 14 DAY TO PIPPING [Von Kossa H&E – Calcium] LUMEN Contents Lumen Ca ++ Vit D-CaBP Blood APPEARANCE WALL & VILLI Cheville & Coignuol, 1984 EMERGENCE & RESPIRATORY TRANSITION RELATIVE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION EXTREME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CHORIOALLANTOIS 9

24-9-2014 EMBRYONIC EMERGENCE THRUST Fazekas et al ., 1985 “HATCHING” MUSCLE Z-Line Glycogen ROTATION John et al .,1987 MICRO-SECTION Romanoff & Romanoff, 1949 CHICK EMBRYO BLOOD GLUCOSE 0.25+ Internal Pip mg / 100 ml ESTABLISHED CHICK H A T Consume C Albumen-Amnion H DAYS AFTER SETTING 10

24-9-2014 AIR CELL- SHELL @ PIPPING MAMMARY Egg Tooth KNOB “VOID” Outer Membrane A Inner I R BEAK TIP CHORIOALLANTOIS Bartels & Meyer, 1993 POST-PIP CALCIFICATION & YOLK SAC SPHERES LUMEN Ca ++ Spheres EMERGENCE & POSTURE WALL VILLI Cheville & Coignuol, 1984 11

24-9-2014 BREEDER FEED % Total P At Hatch (Triuwanta et al ., 1992) POULT “FLIP” @ PLACEMENT TURKEY YOLK SAC & POST-HATCH DEATH % Poult Loss Yolk Sac g Wt Albumen Sac Rupture Hatch “Starveouts” - DAYS - 12

24-9-2014 CHICK FAT DEPOTS LOCATIONS AT HATCH CHICK- DEPOT & LIVER LIPIDS CHOLESTEROL MEMBRANE GROWTH FATTY ACIDS [Glucose] ATP + HEAT + WATER 13

24-9-2014 INTESTINAL ENTEROCYTE TRANSITION Embryonic-Competent Embryonic Mosaic Developing Immature POST-HATCH PIP DIGESTIVE-ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY EMBRYONIC DIGESTIVE TRANSITION JEJUNUM MALTASE Units / g Wet Wt Grams Wt - DAYS - 14

24-9-2014 NUTRITIONAL FOCUS OF EMBRYO Days Activity Central Nutrient 0-7 Establish Germ CHO & O 2 7-14 Body Completion FA Oxidation 14-19 Emergence Prep’n CHO-Fat-CaP 19-21 Establish Lungs O 2 -CHO-CaP 21-24 Reserves Feed Fat(CHO)-H 2 O 15