2/10/2018 What is feeding management ? Why is it important ? Milos Haas DVM, MSC, PAS Haas Nutrition Nutrient supply per kg dry matter Nutrient supply. • 5000 kg batch for 100 cows • Crude protein 160 grams per kg DM TMR • Contains – 300 grams of vitamin E that needs • Lysine – 8 grams /kg DM TMR to be evenly distributed between 100 cows • Methionine – 3 grams /kg DM TMR • Contains 200 grams of Rumensin that needs to • Rumensin – 2 grams per cow per day in 26 kg be evenly distributed among 100 cows of dry matter -77 mg/kg DM TMR • Vitamin E – 3 grams per cow – 115 mg /kg DM • 300 grams of Vit E is in 50 kg of dairy premix – TMR 500 grams per cow per day- or 20 grams per kg TMR Feeding management – Dr Trevor Feeding management – Dr Trevor DeVries, University Of Guelph DeVries, University Of Guelph Good health and efficiency are maintained by utilizing feeding strategies that promote dairy • Management of nutrition can be as cows to consume : important as nutritional composition 1. frequent small meals through the 24 hour in ensuring cows health, efficiency period , and production 2. discourage extensive sorting of the feed, 3. encourage cows standing after milking 1
2/10/2018 Bach et al – Associations between nondietary Access to the feed. factors and dairy herd performance Good access to the feed can be achieved • 27 herds fed the same ration, through: • 56 % of the variation in observed milk 1. frequent delivery of feed close to time of production between the herds was explained milking , by non- dietary factors: 2. frequent feed push up, 1. presence or absence of feed refusals, 3. ensuring cows are provided sufficient feed 2. free stall stocking density, and amounts and 3. whether feed was pushed up in the feed 4. ensuring cows have sufficient space at the bunk feed bunk Daily feed removal • Bunker silos – forage variability in different layers • Consistency in removing feed from the face – area and depth • Managing leftover feed from feed bunk • Protecting stored feed from weather and birds Variability in the bunker silo 2
2/10/2018 Uneven removal of feed with defacer Protect stored forages from environmental Daily feed removal impacts and air penetration • Bunker silo – daily feed removal based on U of Wisconsin recommendation – 30 cm or 13-14 inches a day • Size of the bunker silo reflecting size of the herd • Defacers , face shavers maintain higher density and lower surface area on bunker silo- improve dry matter stability Let’s start loading and mixing - The most common problems with TMR mixers mixers (Oelberg,Stone) 1. Worn mixer augers, kicker plates and knives 2. Mix time after the last added ingredient 3. Unlevel mixers 4. Loading position on the mixer box 5. Load size 6. Hay quality and processing 7. Loading sequence 8. Liquid distribution 9. Vertical mixer auger speed 3
2/10/2018 Worn kicker plate Worn augers Loading Loading sequence 1. Low density forages (hay , straw) • Loading sequence of feed needs to be set 2. Dry grains based on specifics on each farm 3. Low inclusion dry ingredients • There are some general recommendations 4. Proteins • These recommendations could be adjusted as 5. Wet by-products long as the final result is consistent TMR with 6. Haylage proper particle size 7. Corn silage 8. Liquid In reel-auger mixer , grain should be added first , before hay or straw Loading • TMR mixer position Feeds have to be loaded • Loading feed in the middle into the mid • There is a minimum amount of feed part of the that can be mixed properly – 0.5 kg mixer of additive in 5000 kg batch will not work • Rule of tumb 50:1 4
2/10/2018 Overfilling TMR mixer = compromising Load size -max mixing consistency • Reel-auger – allow 4-6 inches between the TMR and the rails on the reel • 3 auger and 4 auger horizontal- top of the metal side of the walls or where you can see good movement of the TMR • Vertical mixers – 2 feet above the top of the augers Pushing limits Mixing ? 5
2/10/2018 Small groups-underfilling mixer Leftovers from previous batch Mixing time and speed Mixing time • From 3 to 25 minutes - mixing time observed • Time needs to be set based on: on dairy farms in Ontario in 2017 1. Particle size of forages • Speed of augers observed 10-40 rpm 2. Condition of TMR mixer 3. Batch size related to mixer size • Use at least particle size separator to monitor 4. Speed – rotations per minute of mixer augers this process MUN variability due to inconsistent Mixing speed and variability of TMR mixing • Ability to create proper speed for required amount of time • How many RPM of augers we need for proper mix and for how long? 6
2/10/2018 Impact of mixing speed on milk production Slow speed Mixing for close up dry cows and fresh cows 7
2/10/2018 Feed delivery , distribution and Loading and mixing feeding table management . • Goal – consistent TMR with proper particle • What is dry matter intake (DMI) ? size • Function of the cow’s eating behaviour • Measure mixing time – do not estimate !!! • It is the result of number of meals consumed • Keep mixer in good shape daily and the size of those meals kg/meal • Do you need knives if yes how many? • It can be also expressed as feeding time per day min/d multiplied by feeding rate kg of DM • Set up proper speed RPM of augers for loading /min and mixing Feed delivery and feeding table management • Meal frequency and length of feeding through the day are the best predictors for DMI and milk production ( Johnston, DeVries, 2015) • Meal size could affect rumen function-SARA ( Krause , Oetzel, 2006) Proper feed distribution Feed distribution did not reflect on cows amount in each group • Evenly distributed feed • Utilized whole length of feeding table, 8
2/10/2018 How far can cow reach ? Pushing feed 1. Frequency of pushing 2. Quality of pushing 3. Amount of feed available after the push Feed pushing- proper set up Before and after push Synchronize feed availability with milkings Feed pushing every 2 hours 9
2/10/2018 Leftovers , orts … Leftovers? • What kind of feed are leftovers Feed at 11.00 pm, • Feed that cow did not consume in the last 24 hours ( or from feeding to feeding) , during next which time feed was pushed at least every 2 feeding hours • These leftovers are used for dry matter intake 7.00 am calculation and for decision about the size of the next batch 5 hours before feeding Leftovers or ???? What are the leftovers ? Leftovers • What is your target 0,1,2,3,4 ,5 % • Is it feed that cows did not eat due to its amount or is it the feed that cows ??? could not reach between two • Should it be 3-5 % ? feeding? • We measure milk production in 24 hour periods we need to measure intakes also in 24 hours period 10
2/10/2018 Feeding management Feed management -monitoring • Feed removal from the storage • Software programs for feeding management • Loading into TMR mixer • Record accuracy of loading • Mixing and timing • Mixing time and rpm • Distributing feed • Accuracy of unloading for groups • Managing feeding table 24 hours – making • Feed inventory feed available • Accurate expenses on feed – real amount of • Leftovers feed delivered to the barn Thank you 11
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