NTE for Nonroad Nonroad Diesel Diesel NTE for Engines Engines - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

OCE Informal Document No. 45 Thirteenth Plenary Meeting of the Working Group On Off-Cycle Emissions 5 & 6 April 2006 The Hague, Netherlands NTE for Nonroad Nonroad Diesel Diesel NTE for Engines Engines Matt Spears - - U.S. EPA U.S. EPA Matt Spears SAE Government/Industry Meeting SAE Government/Industry Meeting May 13, 2003 May 13, 2003

Nonroad Diesel NTE in NPRM Diesel NTE in NPRM Nonroad • EPA proposed on EPA proposed on- -highway NTE for highway NTE for nonroad nonroad • diesel engines diesel engines • EPA requested comment on alternative NTE EPA requested comment on alternative NTE • • Only one NTE will be finalized for Only one NTE will be finalized for nonroad nonroad • • This presentation illustrates Alt. NTE and This presentation illustrates Alt. NTE and • compares results to on- -highway NTE highway NTE compares results to on

Outline Outline • Review differences between NTE approaches Review differences between NTE approaches • – On On- -highway highway – – Alternative Alternative – • Compare results of two Compare results of two nonroad nonroad data sets data sets • – Haul Truck Haul Truck – • Intermittent hauling between idles during loading Intermittent hauling between idles during loading • – Dozer Dozer – • Moderately transient, high Moderately transient, high- -load operation load operation •

Major Differences Between NTEs NTEs Major Differences Between • On- -highway highway • Alternative • On • Alternative – Zone – No Zone – Zone – No Zone • Ambient T, P limits • Ambient T, P limits • Ambient T, P limits • Ambient T, P limits • • Aftertreatment T Aftertreatment T • • Event Avg. Event Avg. Aftertreatment Aftertreatment T T • Speed, torque, power – Leads to 4 g/kW Leads to 4 g/kW NO NO x • Speed, torque, power – x • Some aspects similar to recent • Some aspects similar to recent • • P boost P boost , , T T boost boost Large SI Rule Large SI Rule • T coolant • T coolant – – 30s min Avg. in zone 30s min Avg. in zone – – 10% rolling work Avg. 10% rolling work Avg. • Varies depending on time in • Varies depending on time in • Varies depending on rate of • Varies depending on rate of zone zone work performed work performed • Typically 30s – – 5 min. 5 min. • Typically 30s • • Normalized to 6- Normalized to 6 -hr day hr day • • Increments based on crossing Increments based on crossing • Typically 15 min. – – 1 hr. 1 hr. • Typically 15 min. zone zone • • Increments every 1% work Increments every 1% work

Advantages of Alternative NTE Advantages of Alternative NTE • • Maximizes usefulness of on- Maximizes usefulness of on -vehicle data vehicle data – Captures the wide variety of nonroad nonroad duty cycles duty cycles – Captures the wide variety of • Places cap on events of significant and contiguous work • Places cap on events of significant and contiguous work – Seeks maximum emissions of 10% work windows vs. minimum 30- -second second – Seeks maximum emissions of 10% work windows vs. minimum 30 windows windows – Weights events relatively within duty cycle-- --proportional to environmental impact proportional to environmental impact – Weights events relatively within duty cycle • Allows intermittent excursions to be offset by lower emissions • Allows intermittent excursions to be offset by lower emissions – Increases number of possible engineering solutions for engine manufacturers nufacturers – Increases number of possible engineering solutions for engine ma • Simplifies on- -vehicle testing vehicle testing • Simplifies on – Longer averaging time allows application of FTP average BSFC, eliminating iminating – Longer averaging time allows application of FTP average BSFC, el torque measurement torque measurement – – Eliminates absolute exhaust flow measurement, only req. signal linear to flow Eliminates absolute exhaust flow measurement, only req. signal l inear to flow – Eliminates engine speed, P, & T measurements, simplifying installation lation – Eliminates engine speed, P, & T measurements, simplifying instal

Test #38 Volvo A35D Haul Truck Vehicle type Haul Truck Vehicle manufacturer Volvo Vehicle model number and/or vehicle serial number A35D/V61126 Engine manufacturer Volvo Engine serial number 247968A Major exhaust leaks? If yes, do not test. No Alternator does not provide reliable speed signal? If no, do not test. O.K. Any obvious modifications or mal- maintenance? If yes, note details but proceed with test. None Exhaust pipe ID = OD – 2 x wall thickness 4.325” Vehicle model year 2001 Engine model number and model year D12C, 2001, TC I-6, EFI, 1 inj/cyl Engine hour meter reading if present 4092 Unit Power (i.e. 12V or 24V) 24V Engine rating (i.e. idle speed, rated power & speed, peak torque & speed) 375 hp @ 1900 rpm Installation date/time 4/22/02, 5:45 pm Removal date/time 5/2/02 NOTES: Data post-test processed. This hauler was also used at an industrial building construction site.

Test #45 Caterpillar D6H Dozer Vehicle type Dozer Vehicle manufacturer Caterpillar Vehicle model number and/or vehicle serial number D6H/3ZF06039 Engine manufacturer Cat Engine serial number 08Z79758 Major exhaust leaks? If yes, do not test. No. Alternator does not provide reliable speed signal? If no, do not test. O.K. Any obvious modifications or mal- maintenance? If yes, note details but proceed with test. None. Exhaust pipe ID = OD – 2 x wall thickness , 3.75”. Vehicle model year 1995 Engine model number and model year 3306/1995, turbocharged inline 6 cylinder, mechanical fuel system, 1 injector/cylinder. Engine hour meter reading if present 5867.7 Exhaust after-treatment (i.e. oxidation catalyst? Y/N) No. Unit Power (i.e. 12V or 24V) 24V Installation date/time 6/4/02, 7:20 pm Removal date/time 6/18/02, 6:30 pm

Haul Truck Duty Cycle Haul Truck Duty Cycle #38 A35D Hauler Truck Duty Cycle #38 A35D Hauler Truck Duty Cycle Frequency Log 10 (Frequency) 105 105 95 95 85 85 75 75 Percent Torque (%) Percent Torque (%) 65 65 55 55 45 45 35 35 25 25 15 15 5 5 -5 -5 -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Speed (%)

Dozer Duty Cycle Dozer Duty Cycle #45 D6H Dozer Duty Cycle #45 D6H Dozer Duty Cycle Frequency Log 10 (Frequency) 105 105 95 95 85 85 75 75 Percent Torque (%) Percent Torque (%) 65 65 55 55 45 45 35 35 25 25 15 15 5 5 -5 -5 -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Speed (%)

Haul Truck NTE Events Haul Truck NTE Events 10% Work Interval Duration Histogram On-Highway NTE Event Durations #38 A35D Haul Truck #38 A35D Haul Truck 60% 45% Interval Frequency 40% % Time in NTE 2.21% 50% Interval Frequency < 250 deg C 35% Total Number of NTE 30 30% Frequency (%) 40% Frequency (%) % Work < 250 deg C = 65% 25% 30% 20% Total Number of Events= 223 15% 20% 10% 10% 5% 0% 0% 30 34 37 41 45 48 52 25 39 53 68 82 96 111 Seconds Time (minutes)

Dozer NTE Events Dozer NTE Events 10% Work Interval Duration Histogram On-Highway NTE Event Durations #45 D6H Dozer #45 D6H Dozer 35% 90% Interval Frequency 80% 30% % Time in NTE 45.08% Interval Frequency < 250 deg C 70% Total Number of NTE 374 25% 60% Frequency (%) % Work < 250 deg C = 0% Frequency (%) 50% 20% Total Number of Events= 223 40% 15% 30% 10% 20% 10% 5% 0% 0% 49 91 133 175 217 259 300 29 32 34 37 40 43 45 Seconds Time (minutes)

Haul Truck Alternate NTE Haul Truck Alternate NTE Alternate NTE Events vs. Time #38 A35D Haul Truck 10 200 74% %Time < 250 deg C= BSNOxengout 9 180 < 250 deg C Interval Duration 8 160 Percent Speed Interval Duration (min) 7 140 NOx (g/hp-hr) 6 120 5 100 4 80 3 60 2 40 1 20 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (hours)

Dozer Alternate NTE Dozer Alternate NTE Alternate NTE Events vs. Time #45 D6H Dozer 10 200 BSNOxengout %Time < 250 deg C= 0% 9 180 < 250 deg C Interval Duration 8 160 Percent Speed Interval Duration (min) 7 140 NOx (g/hp-hr) 6 120 5 100 4 80 3 60 2 40 1 20 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (hours)

Haul Truck Alt. NTE Power Haul Truck Alt. NTE Power #38 A35D Hauler Truck Duty Cycle #38 A35D Hauler Truck Duty Cycle (Linear) Frequency of 10% Work Intervals Log 10 (Frequency) of 10% Work Intervals 105 105 95 95 85 85 75 75 Percent Torque (%) Percent Torque (%) 65 65 55 55 45 45 35 35 25 25 15 15 5 5 -5 -5 -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Speed (%)

Haul Truck Duty Cycle Haul Truck Duty Cycle #38 A35D Hauler Truck Duty Cycle #38 A35D Hauler Truck Duty Cycle Frequency Log 10 (Frequency) 105 105 95 95 85 85 75 75 Percent Torque (%) Percent Torque (%) 65 65 55 55 45 45 35 35 25 25 15 15 5 5 -5 -5 -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Speed (%)