Norms and and Electronic Electronic Institutions Institutions - PDF document

Regulation Behaviour Regulation Norms and and Electronic Electronic Institutions Institutions Norms for Behaviour for Behaviour Regulation Regulation in in Distributed Systems. Distributed Systems. for Behaviour Applications to to eContracting eContracting Applications Environments Environments eInstitutions for and eInstitutions Javier Vázquez-Salceda April 1, 2009 Norms and Norms http://www.lsi.upc.es/~webia/KEMLG Behaviour Regulation Regulation Contents Contents for Behaviour � Introduction � A Language for Norms � Normative Agents eInstitutions for and eInstitutions � Norms and Agent Platforms: Electronic Institutions � Contract-based Institutions � Conclusions and Challenges Norms and Norms 2

Regulation Behaviour Regulation for Behaviour Introduction Introduction eInstitutions for and eInstitutions Norms and Norms http://www.lsi.upc.es/~webia/KEMLG Behaviour Regulation Regulation Introduction (I) Introduction (I) � Now a days, computing trends move toward distributed distributed solutions solutions for Behaviour � computer systems are networked into large distributed large distributed systems; systems � processing power can been introduced in almost any place and device � processing becomes ubiquitous eInstitutions for and eInstitutions � The agent paradigm agent paradigm is one way to conceptualize and implement distributed (intelligent) systems � Agents are human human- -oriented oriented abstractions � Each agent can specialize in some (sub)problems and take decisions locally locally Norms and � Solutions to coordinate the agent society can be borrowed from human organizations human organizations and human societies human societies Norms 4

Behaviour Regulation Regulation Introduction (II) Introduction (II) � “An Intelligent Agent Intelligent Agent is a computer system that is capable of flexible, autonomous action on behalf of its for Behaviour user or owner” � “By flexible we mean reactive , pro-active and social ” [M. Wooldridge] eInstitutions for � Other desired properties: rationality , learning/adaptation . and eInstitutions � Agents should be able to adapt their behavior to new, unexpected situations � A Multiagent Multiagent System System (MAS) (MAS) consists of a number of agents, interacting with one-another Norms and � It is desirable that agents in a MAS coordinate their behaviour and collectivelly adapt to unforeseen events Norms � Problem: how can we meet all these expectatives? 5 Behaviour Regulation Regulation Introduction (III) Introduction (III) � Autonomy Autonomy is one of the most desired properties of � agents. We want agents to be autonomous in order to be for Behaviour able to (proactively) take their own decissions and to adapt to new, unexpected situations. � We want agents to behave as expected, in order to eInstitutions for achieve one or several goals. Therefore some control control should be applied to the agents' behaviour. and eInstitutions � Agent Autonomy Autonomy VS Control Control : problem: � How to ensure ( control ) an efficient and acceptable behaviour of a Multiagent System without diminishing Norms and the agents' autonomy ? Norms 6

Behaviour Regulation Regulation Introduction (I (IV V) ) Introduction � Norms Norms are a flexible way to specify the boundaries of � acceptable (legal) behaviour for Behaviour � They specify WHAT is acceptable and WHAT is not, but not HOW � Agents have autonomy to reach their goals as far as they “move” within the acceptable boundaries. eInstitutions for � Norms ease agent interaction ease agent interaction: � reduce uncertainty uncertainty of other agents’ behaviour and eInstitutions � reduce misunderstanding misunderstanding in interaction � allows agents to foresee the outcome foresee the outcome of an interaction � simplify the decision decision- -making making (reduce the possible actions) � To ensure acceptable behaviour, a safe environment is needed: Electronic Institutions Electronic Institutions Norms and � Safe agent interaction environments � They include definition of norms and enforcement mechanisms Norms 7 Regulation Behaviour Regulation Normative MAS: s Normative MAS: state of the Art (I) tate of the Art (I) for Behaviour Agent-centric View Society-centric View t c Normative Level a r t s b A Theoretical Approaches Approaches Theoretical e t e r c eInstitutions for n o C and eInstitutions Operational Level Rules Practical Approaches Approaches Practical Procedural Norms and 1 Ag. 2 Ag. Norms One-to-One Single ill-structured Social Structures Agent interactions interactions 8

Behaviour Regulation Regulation Normative MAS: state of the Art (II) tate of the Art (II) Normative MAS: s for Behaviour t c Normative Level a r t s [O, P, F] b A [E, G, H] E x:a A e Delliberative t e Normative r c OperA eInstitutions for n Agents o C and eInstitutions Operational Level s 3APL/2APL e l u R GAIA, JADEX, JACK l a TROPOS, EIDE/AMELI r u d e JADE, c o Norms and FIPA OS r P 1 Ag. 2 Ag. Norms Single One-to-One ill-structured Social Structures Agent interactions interactions 9 Behaviour Regulation Regulation Gap between Normative and Operational Gap between Normative and Operational Laws, Laws, Laws, for Behaviour regulations regulations t regulations c Normative Level a r t s b A e t e ? r ? c eInstitutions for n o C and eInstitutions Operational Level s e l u R Dialogical Framework l Agent roles a EIDE r u Performative structure d dialogical perspective Scenes e c o Conversational graphs Norms and r P Norms 10

Behaviour Regulation Regulation Example: Organ and Tissue Distribution Example: Organ and Tissue Distribution Spanish Spanish Spanish EU EU Laws, Laws, EU statutes statutes Spanish Spanish Spanish Spanish EU EU Laws, statutes Spanish Spanish EU Directives Directives for Behaviour Directives (equality (equality regulations regulations decrees decrees regulations regulations Recomendations Recomendations t c (equality regulations decrees regulations Recomendations Normative Level a privacy) privacy) r t privacy) s b A e t e ? r ? c eInstitutions for n o C and eInstitutions Operational Level s e l u R Spanish Spanish Spanish Dialogical Framework procedures procedures procedures l Agent roles a EIDE r u Performative structure d dialogical perspective e Scenes c o Conversational graphs Norms and r P Spanish Spanish Spanish practice practice Norms practice 11 Behaviour Regulation Regulation Abstraction problem Abstraction problem Problems: • for Behaviour Norms are more abstract than the procedures (in purpose) • Norms do not have operational semantics • eInstitutions for and eInstitutions Example: Regulation: “It is forbidden to discriminate potential recipients of an organ based on their age (race, religion,...)” Norms and Formal norm: F(discriminate(x,y,age)) Procedure: does not contain action “discriminate” Norms 12

Behaviour Regulation Regulation Filling the gap Filling the gap Laws, Laws, for Behaviour Laws, too too abstract abstract and and regulations regulations regulations vague vague eInstitutions for more concrete more concrete Language for norms Language for norms Language for norms (Formal & Computational) (Formal & Computational) and eInstitutions Electronic Institutions Electronic Institutions Normative Agents Normative Agents Norms in Norms in Norms and Norm enforcement Norm enforcement delliberation delliberation mechanisms mechanisms cycle cycle Norms 13 Behaviour Regulation Regulation Filling the gap Filling the gap Laws, Laws, Laws, too abstract abstract and and too regulations regulations regulations vague vague for Behaviour Normative Description Normative Description Normative Description Design (Deontic, Formal) (Deontic, Formal) guidance, eInstitutions for Traceability Maintenance and eInstitutions more concrete Operational Description Operational Description more concrete Operational Description (Operational, Computational) (Operational, Computational) Normative Agents Electronic Institutions Electronic Institutions Normative Agents Norms and Norms in Norms in Norm enforcement Norm enforcement delliberation delliberation Norms mechanisms mechanisms cycle cycle 14

Regulation Behaviour Regulation for Behaviour A Language for Norms A Language for Norms eInstitutions for and eInstitutions Norms and Norms http://www.lsi.upc.es/~webia/KEMLG Behaviour Regulation Regulation Representing Norms (I) Representing Norms (I) � Formal representation of norms t c Normative Level a r needed [O, P, F] for Behaviour t s b A [E, G, H] ? ? � Which logic? e t e Delliberative r c � Norms permit, oblige or prohibit Normative OBLIGED, PERMITTED, FORBIDDEN n o Agents C � Norms may be conditional IF C eInstitutions for � Norms may have temporal Descriptive Level BEFORE D , AFTER D s e l and eInstitutions 3APL u aspects R GAIA � Norms are relativized to roles l a r u variant of Deontic Logic d e JACK, JADE, c o FIPA OS r P Norms and � The representation should be 1 Ag. 2 Ag. One-to-One Single easily parseable and usable by Norms Agent interactions agents 16