No Parent Left Behind: No Parent Left Behind: Connecting Institutional Priorities with Connecting Institutional Priorities with Disconnected Latino Parents and Families Disconnected Latino Parents and Families 2006 NASPA Conference 2006 NASPA Conference Washington, DC Washington, DC Juan R. Guardia Salvador B. Mena Juan R. Guardia Salvador B. Mena Iowa State University Iowa State University University of Maryland University of Maryland
No Parent Left Behind: No Parent Left Behind: Connecting Institutional Priorities with Connecting Institutional Priorities with Disconnected Latino Parents and Families Disconnected Latino Parents and Families Workshop Outline : I. Introductions II. The New Majority & Changing Demographics Millennial Parents vs. Latino Parents III. IV. The current context: Best practices of collaboration V. Recommendations, Questions, and Benefits
News Headlines… Hispanic population booms in United “Young, Diverse, Urban Hispanic States” - CNN Population Reaches All-Time High of 38.8 Million, New Census Bureau Estimates Show” – U.S. “Hispanic population jumps Department of Commerce News 10 percent in Washington State” – Red Nova News “ Virginia Weighs Banning Illegal Immigrants From State Colleges” - Chronicle of Higher Education “North Carolina preps for Latino boom” – CNN, July 9, 2004 “Census: Hispanic population continues to “Hispanic Population in Alabama to Continue surge” – USA Today Growing” – University of Alabama News March 12, 2006 Guardia & Mena: No Parent Left Behind
The Faces… Latino Parents/Families March 12, 2006 Guardia & Mena: No Parent Left Behind
No Parent Left Behind: No Parent Left Behind: The New Majority The New Majority And And Changing Demographics Changing Demographics
The New Majority & The New Majority & Changing Demographics Changing Demographics Nations largest ethnic minority � Over 41 million or 14% of population � By 2050 Hispanics will constitute 102.6 million or 24% of the U.S. population � 67% are of Mexican origin � 49% reside in California (12.4 million) & Texas (7.8 million) � 10% of Puerto Rican decent & 3% each of Cuban, Salvadoran and Dominican � origins Half of Cubans and Dominicans live in Florida & New York City respectively � 13 the number of states with at least half a million Hispanics: Arizona, � California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Texas and Washington 43% of New Mexico population is Hispanic (highest of any state) � (Source: U.S. Census) March 12, 2006 Guardia & Mena: No Parent Left Behind
The New Majority & The New Majority & Changing Demographics Changing Demographics 4.6 million Hispanic population of L.A. County (largest of any county in the � country) 53% or 18.3 million are foreign born (10 million from Mexico) � 18% of students in elementary and high school that are Hispanic � 10% of college going population is Hispanic (2003) � 31 million the number of U.S. residents age 5 & older who speak Spanish at � home or 1 in 10 households; more than half say they speak English well 21.9 percent of Hispanics live below the poverty level (2003) � 32.7% are uninsured � 67% of Hispanic families in consisting of a married couple � 65% of Hispanic children live with both of their parents � (Source: U.S. Census) March 12, 2006 Guardia & Mena: No Parent Left Behind
The New Majority & The New Majority & Changing Demographics Changing Demographics The Hispanic population is younger than the non-Hispanic White population. � One-third of Hispanics are under age 18. � Among Hispanics, Mexicans have the largest proportion of people under age 18 (37 � percent). Hispanic family households are more likely than non-Hispanic White family households � to be maintained by a female with no spouse present. Among Hispanic family households, Puerto Ricans have the largest proportion of � households maintained by a female with no spouse present. About half of Hispanics aged 15 years and older are married. � Hispanics are more likely to be living in poverty than non-Hispanic Whites. � Over one quarter of Hispanic children under age 18 live in poverty. � Hispanic families are more likely to be living in poverty than Non-Hispanic White families. � (Source: U.S. Census) March 12, 2006 Guardia & Mena: No Parent Left Behind
The New Majority & The New Majority & Changing Demographics Changing Demographics Latino families and College Knowledge (CK) Families with Low-SES have lower CK than middle or high-SES � families Language barriers constitute a negative factor in acquiring CK � CK communication channels come from parent-teacher � conferences, printed materials, informal conversations, and the internet Children become the de facto communication conduits of various CJ � sources Ultimately, CK shortfalls among Latinos are associated with SES � and immigration status (Source: Tornatzky, Cutler, & Lee, 2002) March 12, 2006 Guardia & Mena: No Parent Left Behind
The New Majority & The New Majority & Changing Demographics Changing Demographics • Among foreign-born immigrants, 43 percent of Hispanics (between the ages of 16 and 24) have dropped out of school versus eight percent of non- Hispanics. • Among first-generation, U.S.-born young adults, 17 percent of Hispanics versus six percent of non- Hispanics have dropped out. • Second-or-later generation U.S.-born young adults show even higher dropout rates: 24 percent of Hispanics versus 11 percent of non-Hispanics have dropped out of school (NCES, 1997). Source: Center for Cultural Competence March 12, 2006 Guardia & Mena: No Parent Left Behind
No Parent Left Behind: No Parent Left Behind: Millennial Parents Millennial Parents vs. vs. Latino Parents Latino Parents
Millennial Parent Characteristics Millennial Parent Characteristics More likely to prioritize education. � Knowledgeable about college experience. � Maintains a sense of entitlement (high cost of attendance; own regard � for their student as children, not adults). Basic concerns are a priority. � Will expect to be involved, from admission to graduation. � March 12, 2006 Guardia & Mena: No Parent Left Behind
Millennial Parent Characteristics Millennial Parent Characteristics What About The Parents? What About The Parents? “The number one thing to realize with the Millennials is that as a whole they reflect much more parental perfectionism than any generation in living memory. Colleges and universities should know that they are not just getting a kid, but they are also getting a parent.” -William Strauss, author of Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation
Traditional Latino Cultural Values Traditional Latino Cultural Values “When referring to Latino culture, there is no such thing as ‘one Latino culture.’ Given the array of countries of origin that Latinos identify with, culture is internalized and expressed differently from person to person, family-to-family, and community-to-community.” (Torres, 2004) March 12, 2006 Guardia & Mena: No Parent Left Behind
Traditional Latino Cultural Values Traditional Latino Cultural Values Religious (mainly Catholic). � Value family and the extended family structure with parents, � grandparents, aunts/uncles, and other non-blood related individuals playing prominent roles in the extended family. Connection to community is also very important, especially � if the individual hails from a predominant Latino community. Spanish language is salient to general Latina/o culture. � Respect for authority. � March 12, 2006 Guardia & Mena: No Parent Left Behind
Additionally: Country of Origin Education Additionally: Country of Origin Education versus U.S. Educational System versus U.S. Educational System Immigrant parents generally come from countries where teachers are more authoritarian than � they are in this country, and learning is not seen as a participatory process. As a result, they are not typically familiar with pedagogies that may be very different from � those used in their country of origin. Parents may also be reluctant to become actively involved in their children's schooling, � because they do not know it is expected. In their countries, it may be seen as a challenge to authority. They may not yet recognize that � their involvement is crucial to their children's success in school. Parents may need to understand the educational attainment required of their children to access � the desired socioeconomic status in this country, as well as the resultant loss of income students will experience if they do not complete high school. Because their children may be the first of their families to have the opportunity to finish high � school and go to college, schools have an obligation to help parents learn how to access college. This conversation about expectations must take place early in the student's school career � because the current national crisis regarding the Latino dropout rate. Source: Center for Cultural Competence March 12, 2006 Guardia & Mena: No Parent Left Behind
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