No Exchange, Same Pain, No Gain: Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

No Exchange, Same Pain, No Gain: Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Cory Robinson, Ph.D.

24 JANUARY 2017 2 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Presenter Bio • Ph.D. in Public Communication and Technology • Sr. Lecturer in Communication Design at Linköping University, Sweden • Current research: Privacy in digital technologies

24 JANUARY 2017 3 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Presentation Overview 1. Global healthcare issues 2. Current healthcare wearables 3. Using wearables in healthcare – Benefits and concerns 4. Data collected by wearables 5. Introduction and application of theory 6. Examine risk versus benefit of using health wearables

Introduction

24 JANUARY 2017 5 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Introduction • Populations across the globe are aging (Kalache & Keller, 2000) • Economic concerns, including overburdened healthcare systems (Bloom et al., 2015) • Health wearables can provide healthcare benefits at affordable costs

24 JANUARY 2017 6 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment C Ū R Pulse iTens Thync Quell Vivy

24 JANUARY 2017 7 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Benefits of healthcare wearables 1. Targeted healthcare 2. Patient involvement in healthcare 3. Up-to-date metrics for physicians 4. Save money 5. Mobile, discreet pain treatment 6. Reduced medication

24 JANUARY 2017 8 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Concerns using health wearables • Wearables require patients to disclose sensitive information – Health information – Personal information • Hacking • How secure is data?

24 JANUARY 2017 9 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Sensitivity of health information • Individuals were least willing to disclose health information • Cross-nationally, perceived as riskiest to disclose (Robinson, 2015) • Classified as sensitive personal data by U.S. government (Callahan, 2012)

24 JANUARY 2017 10 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Personal information collected by wearables • Lower risk – Name – Email • High(er) risk – Address – Date of birth – Location information – Social media account(s)

24 JANUARY 2017 11 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Personal information collected by wearables • “… other information that can be used to identify you” (Thync, 2015b) • Analytics (Neurometrix, 2016b) • Some devices lack privacy policies

Theory

24 JANUARY 2017 13 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Risk-Reward relationship in wearables Risk (loss of privacy) Reward (treatment of pain)

24 JANUARY 2017 14 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Communication Privacy Management (CPM) • Practical theory “designed to provide an explanation for communicative issues about privacy that individuals face in the everyday world” (Petronio, 2002, p. xvii) • Applicable to relationships in digital environments (Metzger, 2007)

24 JANUARY 2017 15 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment CPM tenets 1. Public-Private dialectical tension 2. Conceptualization of private information 3. Privacy Rules 4. Shared Boundaries 5. Boundary Coordination 6. Boundary Turbulence

24 JANUARY 2017 16 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment #1: Public-Private dialectical tension • Process of disclosure is dialectical • Push-pull of revealing and concealing private information

24 JANUARY 2017 17 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Health wearables: public-private dialectics • Push-pull: disclose information to wearable to receive treatment? • Expect lower privacy levels • In-person doctor visits may set unrealistic trust expectations

24 JANUARY 2017 18 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment #2: Conceptualization of private information • Individuals own their information • Decide whether to make information public or private

24 JANUARY 2017 19 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Health wearables: user private information • Risk-reward faced at purchase • Purchase intent influences disclosure • Contemplating disclosure at purchase complicates healthcare

24 JANUARY 2017 20 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment #3: Privacy Rules • Regulate the flow of private information • We create rules • Rules developed using different criteria

24 JANUARY 2017 21 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Health wearables: privacy rules • Rule development criteria must include state of health • Chronic pain can influence decision making (Apkarian et al., 2004) • Users should consider pain levels and overall health when making disclosure decisions

24 JANUARY 2017 22 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment #4: Shared Boundaries • Once disclosed, information is co-owned • Co-owners cooperate to create boundaries

24 JANUARY 2017 23 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Health wearables: shared boundaries • Boundaries may not be shared • Users are not aware of how data is shared • Shared boundaries can create risks

24 JANUARY 2017 24 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment #5: Boundary Coordination • Boundary linkages • Boundary ownership rights • Boundary permeability

24 JANUARY 2017 25 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Health wearables: boundary coordination • Boundary linkage with company after accepting EULA • Other (unknown) linkages through application permissions

24 JANUARY 2017 26 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment #6: Boundary Turbulence • When violations or misunderstandings arise regarding the disclosure and related information

24 JANUARY 2017 27 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Health wearables: Boundary turbulence • Privacy violations occur when company accesses unnecessary information – Location information – Social media accounts • Companies may violate users, and user’s friends and family

Implications

24 JANUARY 2017 29 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Implications: Data collection practices • Companies should clearly state information collection practices • Companies should only collect information necessary for treatment • Allow consumer to opt-out

24 JANUARY 2017 30 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Implications: Data collection practices • Globally, data rules are “strengthening” • However, health data brings new challenges • Frameworks for protecting health information are needed • Privacy from the start

24 JANUARY 2017 31 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Implications: Social Health • Wearables may violate patients’ social health • Compromised social media accounts • Violations for friends and family • Creates relational conflict

24 JANUARY 2017 32 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Future studies • Will sufferers of chronic pain disclose for reward of better targeted, more effective treatment? • Sacrifices of social health worth the rewards of greater physical health?

24 JANUARY 2017 33 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Conclusion: Dilemma • Consumer dilemma: Sacrifice privacy to treat chronic pain? • Relief of chronic pain = powerful motivator for individuals to disclose health information

24 JANUARY 2017 34 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Conclusion: The “perfect” scenario • Companies + chronic pain sufferers must agree to scenario • Providing personal data = better targeted health outcomes AND privacy is respected

24 JANUARY 2017 35 Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Conclusion • Adoption influenced by ensuring consumers/patients their privacy is protected • Perceived benefits: wearable will help manage or better treat health • Further, by ensuring privacy, we can: – Increase Trust – Lessen Anxiety – Lower perceived risk – Increase adoption and usage

No Exchange, Same Pain, No Gain: Risk-Reward of Wearable Healthcare Disclosure for Receiving Pain Treatment Cory Robinson, Ph.D.