NGO Parallel Meeting on the Bali Democracy Forum Advancing - PDF document

NGO Parallel Meeting on the Bali Democracy Forum “Advancing Democratic Governance in Asia: Challenges and Ways Forward” Dec. 8-9, 2010 Bali, Indonesia Plan of Action : Mapping of Democratization in Asia Anselmo Lee Korea Human Rights Foundation (KHRF) Alee7080@gmail.com Table of Contents 1. Mapping and Advocacy? 2. BDF – 5 Why? 3. Summary of Situation Analysis by Country and Sector(Theme) 4. Typology of Democracies 5. Basic Perspectives and Approaches on Democracy: Human rights, civil society and Asia 6. Mapping of Democracy in Asia � Table 2: Democracy Mapping in Asia 1. Mapping and Advocacy What is Mapping? What is concept mapping? Concept mapping is a general method with which you can clarify and describe people's ideas about some topic in a graphical form. By mapping out concepts in pictorial form, you can get a better understanding of the relationships among them. � Mapping is a tool to translate vision and mission (Blueprint) into action. � Mapping is a tool for strategic action planning for advocacy (roadmap and milestones) � Mapping is composed of actors, factors and context. � Three types of map – military, tourist and political (advocacy) What is Advocacy? Advocacy is a set of organized actions to influence the official decision-making process and outcome for public interests, in particular socially marginalized and vulnerable groups. � Advocacy is composed of 5 elements: organization (actor, subject), goal and 1

objectives, resource mobilization (human and finance), context/political opportunity structure and strategies (roadmap) 5 Components Details Actors / Subject CSOs, NGOs, Individuals, etc. Goal / Objectives Impact, outcome, output, etc. Resources Finance, human, knowledge, etc. Context and Environment Domestic and international, political Strategies Roadmap, milestone, plan B, etc. � Advocacy at 8 different stages; Issue-making, Agenda-setting, Standard-setting, Institution-building, Policy-formulation, Financing, Implementation and Monitoring/Evaluation Stage Role and Strategies of Activities Civil Society 1. Issue-making 2. Agenda-setting 3. Standard-setting 4. Institution-building 5. Policy-formulation 6. Financing (budgeting) 7. Implementation 8. Monitoring and Evaluation 2. Bali Democracy Forum ? 5 Why - basic questions about BDF. � Why in Bali? � Why about Democracy? � Why in 2008? � Why by Indonesia? � Why by SBY? Anatomy of BDF 2

Bali Democracy Forum Component Venue, Locus Theme (focus) Form Local, national and Informal Indonesia, ASEAN+ Characteristics Alternative “Asian/ASEAN Inter- / Counter Values” governmental Added-values Complementary “Asian democracy” IPD Supplementary Without civil Parallel society � 2009: Japan, 36 (12 observers) development 39 (15 observers) (2009) � 2010: South Korea, security and peace 3. Summary of Situation Analysis by Country and Sector(Theme) Situation analysis : identifying challenges 3.1. By Country (democracy and human rights) Sub-region Country Northeast Asia Japan, South Korea (2/6) Southeast Asia Burma, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Vietnam (9/11) South Asia Bangladesh, Nepal 92/8) 3.2. By Sector (Theme) Sector Details / Case countries Key Challenges Executive Branch Security sector (police, military, etc.) (Indonesia, Bangladesh) Legislative Branch Electoral Reform and parliament (Malaysia, Taiwan) Judiciary Branch Rule of Law and judiciary independence (South Korea, Indonesia) 3

3.3. 10 Main Challenges to Democracy in Asia: 1) Ideological differences: Liberal and capitalistic vs. socialist/communist democracy 2) Colonial legacy and (semi)-feudal culture: “Asian values” vs. western value 3) Authoritarianism / totalitarianism - existence of ‘non or anti-democratic states”: no common ground 4) Poverty : “Development dictatorship model”, “economic development without human rights / democracy” or “human rights in development” 5) National security regime : “war on terror”, human security 6) Corporate influence: Plutocracy, 7) Bureaucracy, technocracy or elitism “democracy from top” 8) No legitimate and effective regional inter-governmental mechanisms / UN dealing with conflicts (e.g. territorial dispute) and emocracy and human rights in Asia : UNESCAP, BDF, etc. 9) Weak and fragile institutions 10) Lack of independent and effective civil society organizations 4. Typology of Democracies Categorization By UNDF Main Characteristics Countries Established Democracies Democracy after democratization Democracy in consolidation Fragile Democracies Re-democratization Emerging Democracies Democracy in transition Post-conflict Democracy in transition democratization process Non-democratic states Liberalization and democratization 5. Basic Perspectives and Approaches on Democracy Human rights, Civil society & Asia - 5.1. Human rights 1) Independence between democracy and peace/security, development, human rights, etc. � 8. Peace and economic, social and cultural development are both conditions for and fruits of democracy. There is thus interdependence between peace, development, respect for and observance of the rule of law and human rights. (Art. 8 of IPU 1997 Universal Declaration on Democracy) 4

� 3Ds (Democracy, Development and Disarmament) 2) Right to Democracy (UN CHR Resolution on democracy) � Resolution 2001/41: “western democracy” – free and fair election, procedural � Resolution 2001/65: “non-western democracy” – substantive, “democratic and equitable international order’, “economic and social dimensions”, “right to development, environment and natural resources” 3) Human rights-based approach to democracy (RBA) � Democracy is a necessary condition for the full realization of all human right � Human rights and the rule of law are essential in making democracy inclusive and sustainable ( quality of democracy – substantive beyond procedural democracy). � Democracy is a process (e.g. democratic governance) and means of realizing all human rights. � Expanding or applying concept of human rights defender (1998 UN Declaration on HRD) in “Democracy Advocate”,”Development Practitioners or Workers’, etc. � Guiding principles of RBA: non-discrimination, transparency (right to information) participation, accountability and empowerment. 5.2. Civil Society 1) Sectors for Advocacy � Legislative Branch: election, law-making, budgeting, etc. � Executive Branch: corruption, security, military, ODA, etc. � Judiciary Branch: court decision, impunity, etc. � Independent Institutions: NHRI, Ombuzman, etc. � Political parties: ruling and opposition party � Media and press: independence, � Business community/private sector: 2) Participation in democratic governance � Committee and commission 3) Local governance and authorities � “Democracy from Below’ or “Human Rights from Below” � Gwangju - World Forum of Human rights Cities 2011 4) Role of Civil society � Watch Dog : monitoring � Barking Dog: campaign and lobby, “naming and shaming” � Bulldog: public litigation, Wilileaks, etc. � Smart Dog: dining and wining, etc. 6. Mapping of Democracy in Asia Table: Mapping of Democracy in Asia - existing international platforms and processes 5