New coolants: case study Prof. dr. ir. Ibo van de Poel, Faculty of TPM
CFC 12
CFC 12 • Inflammable
CFC 12 • Inflammable • Non toxic
CFC 12 • Inflammable • Non toxic • Good thermodynamic properties
CFC 12 • Inflammable • Non toxic • Good thermodynamic properties • Stable
CFC 12 • Inflammable • Non toxic • Good thermodynamic properties • Stable But: contribution to ozone depletion
Values
Values • Safety specified as inflammability
Values • Safety specified as inflammability • Health specified as non-toxicity
Values • Safety specified as inflammability • Health specified as non-toxicity • Environmental sustainability specified as: Low ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential) Low GWP (Global warming Potential)
Other important design requirements
Other important design requirements • Energy efficiency – good thermodynamic properties
Other important design requirements • Energy efficiency – good thermodynamic properties • Costs and availability
Other important design requirements • Energy efficiency – good thermodynamic properties • Costs and availability • Compatibility – compatibility with materials – miscibility with lubricants (solubility, lubricity) – (minimal) adaptions in compressor
Increasing Toxicity
Health
Increasing Flammabality
Safety
Long atmospheric lifetime
Sustainability
= HFC134a
Why HFC 134a? HFC134a attractive to chemical industry because: • Patentable • Not too inexpensive
Patents HFC 134a 12 10 8 World Intellectual Property 6 Organisation European Patent Office 4 2 US Patent and Trademark 0 Office
Why HFC 134a? Refrigerator firms also choose for HFC134a because of: • Low impact on price • Availability (from chemical firms) • Compressors and lubricants adapted to HFC134a
‘In my nearly 25 years of working with the heating, ventilating, air-conditioning and refrigeration industry , I have never seen this industry put so much time and effort into one problem as they have into the CFC problem’.
Video ‘ Greenfreeze and SolarChill ’
ODP GWP Toxic? Flammable? CFC 12 1 10900 No No HFC 134a 0 1430 No No HC 600a 0 3 No Yes (isobutane)
ODP GWP Toxic? Flammable? CFC 12 1 10900 No No HFC 134a 0 1430 No No HC 600a 0 3 No Yes (isobutane)
Isobutane (HC600a) Codes like ASHRAE 15 Safety Code for Mechanical Refrigeration: Forbad flammable coolants
Re-specification of safety
Re-specification of safety First: • non-flammability of coolant
Re-specification of safety First: • non-flammability of coolant Later: • ignition and explosion risks of refrigerator
Re-specification of safety First: • non-flammability of coolant Later: • ignition and explosion risks of refrigerator (can also be reduced by refrigerator design)
Summary The greenfreeze innovation was:
Summary The greenfreeze innovation was: • Responsible
Summary The greenfreeze innovation was: • Responsible • Radical
Summary The greenfreeze innovation was: • Responsible • Radical • Initiated by outsiders
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